Say why transfer is lowered explicitly, and pick the channel

The stated reason was that native and wasm32 must behave identically, which is
misleading: we do not develop on wasm32 and only ever export to it. The reasons
that hold are all release-side. wasm32 cannot unwind without the exceptions
proposal, so the export would not work at all. Native unwinding is not cheaper
and is much less legible - every call becomes an invoke with a landing pad,
where a cmp/jne after a call reads like ordinary code, which will matter once
there is a disassembler. And one mechanism is one thing to get right, since the
acceptance table runs the same programs on both targets and compares a hash.

The channel is an out-parameter rather than a discriminated return value, which
§6 had left open. The return type then stays what the source says; a
discriminated return would repack every ret, turn an aggregate return into an
sret call, and nest inside the discriminated return (Option T) already is. One
pointer threads down the chain, so a callee writes the target into its caller's
own slot and each frame only checks and returns early - reusing the existing
return path and therefore §5's defers.

A single global would be more legible still, with no signature change at all,
but it is not re-entrant: §5 runs defers during a transfer, so a defer that
signals and invokes a restart would start a second transfer over the first.
This commit is contained in:
Joseph Ferano 2026-09-11 07:52:02 +07:00
parent 5ce8e7a68e
commit 0fea971771

View File

@ -91,10 +91,37 @@ Invoking a restart transfers control outward past zero or more frames.
## 6. Crossing compiler-generated frames
Transfer is lowered **explicitly** — result propagation plus branch targets — not
via platform unwinding, so that native and wasm32 behave identically. That means
via platform unwinding. Three reasons, none of them about dev builds:
- **wasm32 cannot unwind** without the exceptions proposal, so a release export
would not work at all.
- **Native unwinding is not cheaper and is much less legible.** Every call
becomes an `invoke` with a landing pad, plus a personality function and an
exception table; a `cmp`/`jne` after a call reads like ordinary code and that
matters once there is a disassembler.
- **One mechanism is one thing to get right.** The acceptance table runs the
same programs on both targets and compares a hash, and that hash is the only
tripwire two implementations would have.
That means
every function on the path between the invoke and the target must be
transfer-aware: it returns a discriminated "normal value / transferring to frame
N" result, checks it after each call, and forwards.
transfer-aware: it carries a "normal / transferring to frame N" channel, checks
it after each call, and forwards.
**The channel is an out-parameter**, a `ptr` appended to the signature, and not
a discriminated return value. The return type then stays what the source says,
which keeps a function's disassembly readable as the release one plus a guard;
a discriminated return would repack every `ret`, turn an aggregate return into
an `sret` call, and nest awkwardly inside the discriminated return `(Option T)`
already is. One pointer threads down the whole chain, so a callee writes the
target into its caller's own slot and each frame only has to check and return
early — which reuses the existing `return` path, and therefore §5's defers, for
free.
A single global slot would be more legible still — no signature change at all —
but it is not re-entrant: §5 runs defers *during* a transfer, so a defer that
signals and invokes a restart would start a second transfer over the first. A
per-frame slot nests correctly with no threads involved.
- The compiler marks a function transfer-transparent if it can call, directly or
indirectly, anything that may invoke a restart. Escape analysis narrows this