A kept when answers an Option, get is a checked lookup over arrays, slices, Vecs and dyn, and if let reads as a two-arm match in both syntaxes.

This commit is contained in:
Joseph Ferano 2026-09-26 12:12:48 +07:00
parent 68fddf90a1
commit 5ee433a38f
20 changed files with 744 additions and 67 deletions

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@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ pointing at it. A CANCELLED entry carries the one-line reason, because an idea
rejected without a record is an idea that gets re-proposed.
* Language surface
** NEXT if let
Decided 2026-09-26 (126), Rust's spelling: =if let Some(g) = left= plus a block tests
the pattern and binds =g= in that block only; =elif=/=else= follow as for =if=. Any
=match= pattern may stand where =Some(g)= is. Reads to a two-arm =match=.
** NEXT when as a value, and get as a checked lookup
Decided 2026-09-26 (125): a =when= whose value is used gives =Option(T)=, =Some= of its
body when the test holds and =None= otherwise; as a statement it is unchanged.
=get(xs, i, …)= on an array, slice or Vec gives =Option(T)= instead of trapping on an
index out of range (negative included), one index per dimension. Both typed and dyn.
** DONE if let
CLOSED: [2026-09-26]
=(if-let [P v] then else)= in paren syntax; an elif chain is the else. With no else it
is a statement, not an Option. Rules out a plain name or =_= as the pattern (use =let=).
** DONE when as a value, and get as a checked lookup
CLOSED: [2026-09-26]
Every one-armed =if= is a =when=; kept, it is =Option(T)=, nested over an Option body
(Rust's =bool::then=), and body-or-nil where a dyn is wanted. A =_=-inferred return's
last form is not kept. =get= over dyn text or vec is nil when out of range; =.field= still traps.
** NEXT str and String
Decided 2026-09-25: the typed read-only text is =str= (the rename from =string= is

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@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ fine here. Brackets and strings are still paired."
;; `header_follow' in lib/indent_reader.ml: the words a statement starts with.
(defconst flan-fln--header-words
'("fn" "fn-" "def" "once" "const" "struct" "union" "data" "enum" "import"
"if" "elif" "else" "while" "until" "for" "match" "let" "return" "break"
"if" "when" "elif" "else" "while" "until" "for" "match" "let" "return" "break"
"continue" "defer" "handler-case" "handler-bind" "restart-case" "on"
"restart" "quote" "macro" "type" "class" "generic" "multi" "method"))
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ fine here. Brackets and strings are still paired."
;; when it is the one-line `fn f(x) = e'; `if' does not when it is the one-line
;; `if c then a else b'.
(defconst flan-fln--opener-words
'("fn" "fn-" "struct" "union" "data" "enum" "if" "elif" "else" "while"
'("fn" "fn-" "struct" "union" "data" "enum" "if" "when" "elif" "else" "while"
"until" "for" "match" "defer" "handler-case" "handler-bind"
"restart-case" "on" "restart" "quote" "macro" "class" "multi" "method"))
@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ and a call ending in `:'."
(save-excursion
(goto-char v)
(or (looking-at "\\(?:match\\|handler-case\\|handler-bind\\|restart-case\\)\\(?:[ \t]\\|$\\)")
(and (looking-at "if[ \t]") (not (flan-fln--then l)))
(and (looking-at "\\(?:if\\|when\\)[ \t]") (not (flan-fln--then l)))
(flan-fln--lambda-header-p v end))))))
;;; Statements
@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ Before it at the same level, else out to the line that owns this block."
(not (save-excursion
(goto-char w-end)
(looking-at "[ \t]+[^][ \t\n(){},;\":]+("))))
((member w '("if" "elif")) (not (flan-fln--then start)))
((member w '("if" "when" "elif")) (not (flan-fln--then start)))
(t t)))))
;; `let r = match n', `x = if c', `fn f(x) = match x', a lambda
;; header: the value goes on under the line.
@ -1758,6 +1758,9 @@ lambda or a `Fn(...)' type, and not after a match arm's."
;; The words inside a line: `for i in range(n)', `if c then a else b', a
;; `where' constraint.
("[ \t]\\(then\\|else\\|in\\|where\\)[ \t]" 1 font-lock-keyword-face)
;; `if let Some(g) = x', and a value's `if' or `when', `x = when c then a'.
("\\_<if[ \t]+\\(let\\)[ \t]" 1 font-lock-keyword-face)
("[ \t=(,]\\(if\\|when\\)[ \t]" 1 font-lock-keyword-face)
;; The operator words.
("\\_<\\(and\\|or\\|not\\)\\_>" 1 font-lock-keyword-face)
(,(concat "\\_<" (regexp-opt flan--constants t) "\\_>")

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@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
"Forms that introduce a top-level name.")
(defconst flan--special
'("quote" "do" "let" "if" "when" "cond" "and" "or"
'("quote" "do" "let" "if" "if-let" "when" "cond" "and" "or"
"while" "until" "break" "continue" "return" "set"
"array" "array-fill" "array-gen" "the" "match" "fn" "dotimes" "loop" "recur"
"defer" "some" "try" "signal" "error"
@ -580,6 +580,7 @@ For `syntax-propertize-function'."
("handler-case" . 1)
;; Test first, body after.
("if" . 1)
("if-let" . 1)
("when" . 1)
("unless" . 1)
("while" . 1)

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@ -858,6 +858,20 @@ defconst(k, 3)
(test-flan-fln--tabs "let colors =\n|" 1) 2)
(test-flan-fln--is "but not after a one-line fn"
(test-flan-fln--tabs "fn f() -> i32 = 1\n|" 1) 0)
(test-flan-fln--is "after if let, one level deeper"
(test-flan-fln--tabs "fn f() -> ()\n if let Some(g) = o\n|" 1) 4)
(test-flan-fln--is "and after a when with a block"
(test-flan-fln--tabs "fn f() -> ()\n when a > 1\n|" 1) 4)
(test-flan-fln--is "but not after a one-line when"
(test-flan-fln--tabs "fn f() -> ()\n when a then b()\n|" 1) 2)
(test-flan-fln--in "fn f() -> ()\n if let Some(g) = o\n g\n let w = when a then 1\n when b\n c()\n"
(font-lock-ensure)
(let ((face (lambda (needle)
(save-excursion (goto-char (point-min)) (search-forward needle)
(get-text-property (match-beginning 0) 'face)))))
(test-flan-fln--is "if let's let is a keyword" (funcall face "let Some") 'font-lock-keyword-face)
(test-flan-fln--is "a value's when is a keyword" (funcall face "when a") 'font-lock-keyword-face)
(test-flan-fln--is "and so is a statement's" (funcall face "when b") 'font-lock-keyword-face)))
(test-flan-fln--is "else goes to its if's column, whatever the depth"
(test-flan-fln--tabs "if a\n if b\n c\n |else" 1) 2)
(test-flan-fln--is "and a second TAB to the outer if's"

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@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ and expr_kind =
| Field of expr * string (* (.pos c) — auto-derefs one level *)
| Call of expr * expr list
| Match of expr * arm list
(* (if-let [(Some g) left] then else) — [if let Some(g) = left] in .fln.
A two-arm [match]: the arm is the pattern with [then] as its body, and
the else is the [_] arm. With no else it is a statement. *)
| IfLet of expr * arm * expr option
| Struct of string * (string * expr) list (* (Cursor {.src s}) *)
(* {.src s .pos 0} with no type written in front of it. The fields alone do
not name a type, so this node carries no name and is only checkable where
@ -465,6 +469,7 @@ let map_children f (e : expr) : expr =
| Field (x, n) -> Field (ex x, n)
| Call (fn, args) -> Call (ex fn, List.map ex args)
| Match (s, arms) -> Match (ex s, List.map arm arms)
| IfLet (s, a, e) -> IfLet (ex s, arm a, Option.map ex e)
| Struct (n, fs) -> Struct (n, List.map (fun (n, v) -> (n, ex v)) fs)
| Bare fs -> Bare (List.map (fun (n, v) -> (n, ex v)) fs)
| MapLit (tag, kvs) -> MapLit (tag, List.map (fun (k, v) -> (ex k, ex v)) kvs)
@ -538,6 +543,8 @@ and step_expr fn (e : expr) : expr =
| Dotimes (l, n, b, es) -> { e with e = Dotimes (l, n, b, step_body fn es) }
| Match (sc, arms) ->
{ e with e = Match (sc, List.map (fun a -> { a with body = step_body fn a.body }) arms) }
| IfLet (sc, a, b) ->
{ e with e = IfLet (sc, { a with body = step_body fn a.body }, Option.map branch b) }
| _ -> e
let instrument_step ?(fn = "step-point") (ds : decl list) : decl list option =

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@ -863,6 +863,13 @@ type ctx = {
and a [match] arm. Everything else is therefore non-tail by construction,
and no walk has to enumerate the cases that are not. *)
mutable tail : bool;
(* True where this form's value is kept: a [let] binding's value, and what
a block's last form, an [if]'s arms and a [match]'s arms inherit from
the form they stand in. Read and withdrawn at the top of [check] as
[tail] is. Only a one-armed [if] ([when]) asks: used, it answers an
Option; not, it is a statement. [want] alone cannot say, since a
statement and an unannotated [let] value both arrive with none. *)
mutable used : bool;
(* True inside a [defer]'s forms. A defer is the cleanup a transfer runs on
its way out (§5), so a transfer *starting* there has no answer: this
function's defers are already half run and the first transfer's target is
@ -4780,7 +4787,7 @@ let with_recovery env ~on f =
let invented_ctx env ret =
{ env; ret; slots = 0; slot_tys = []; slot_names = []; scope = [];
defers = []; defer_slot = None; outer = []; outer_what = None; caught = []; place_ok = false; envslot = None; parent = None; in_frames = None; loops = []; tail = false;
defers = []; defer_slot = None; outer = []; outer_what = None; caught = []; place_ok = false; envslot = None; parent = None; in_frames = None; loops = []; tail = false; used = false;
in_defer = false; defer_ok = false; defer_block = "a nested form";
owner = "<none>" }
@ -5428,7 +5435,8 @@ let truthy_depth = ref 0
it — the square of a refused or/and chain's length. *)
let if_failed :
(Loc.t,
Ast.expr * ((string * binding) list * Types.t) * Types.t option * Loc.diag)
Ast.expr * ((string * binding) list * Types.t) * (Types.t option * bool)
* Loc.diag)
Hashtbl.t =
Hashtbl.create 16
let if_depth = ref 0
@ -5657,6 +5665,8 @@ and check_value ctx ?want (e : Ast.expr) : Tast.expr =
it unless the arm below hands it on deliberately. *)
let tail = ctx.tail in
ctx.tail <- false;
let used = ctx.used in
ctx.used <- false;
match e.Ast.e with
(* A negative literal in a generic body, at an instantiation that made it
unsigned. The cast the ordinary refusal names would be wrong at every
@ -5837,13 +5847,13 @@ and check_value ctx ?want (e : Ast.expr) : Tast.expr =
in
check ctx ?want { e with Ast.e = Ast.Int n }
| Ast.Var name -> var ctx loc ~want name
| Ast.Do body -> ctx.tail <- tail; block ctx ?want loc body
| Ast.Do body -> ctx.tail <- tail; ctx.used <- used; block ctx ?want loc body
(* [defer_ok] rides through: a [let] at the top level of a function body has
exactly the function's extent, and so does a [let] nested inside one.
[tail] rides through for the same shape of reason: a [recur] written as
the last form of a [let] inside a loop body is in the loop's tail. *)
| Ast.Let (bs, body) -> check_let ctx ~tail ?want ~defer_ok loc bs body
| Ast.If (c, t, e') -> check_if ctx ~tail ?want loc c t e'
| Ast.Let (bs, body) -> check_let ctx ~tail ~used ?want ~defer_ok loc bs body
| Ast.If (c, t, e') -> check_if ctx ~tail ~used ?want loc c t e'
| Ast.While (label, c, body) ->
(* The condition is part of the loop even though it is written outside the
braces — emit puts it in the header block, so it is re-evaluated at the
@ -6039,7 +6049,9 @@ and check_value ctx ?want (e : Ast.expr) : Tast.expr =
| Ast.ArrayFill (dims, v) -> check_array_fill ctx ~want loc dims v
| Ast.ArrayGen (dims, f) -> check_array_gen ctx ~want loc dims f
| Ast.The (t, v) -> check_the ctx ~want loc t v
| Ast.Match (scrutinee, arms) -> check_match ctx ~tail ?want loc scrutinee arms
| Ast.Match (scrutinee, arms) -> check_match ctx ~tail ~used ?want loc scrutinee arms
| Ast.IfLet (scrutinee, arm, els) ->
check_if_let ctx ~tail ~used ?want loc scrutinee arm els
(* Constant integer arithmetic where a type variable is wanted is folded to
the literal it computes first, so [(+ x (+ 1 2))] is admitted wherever
[(+ x 3)] is. The instantiation re-checks the form unfolded, at a concrete
@ -6463,20 +6475,24 @@ and block ctx ?want ?(defer_ok = false) loc body =
match body with
(* Withdrawn here too. An empty body has no last form to be the tail, so
leaving the permission set would hand it to whatever is checked next. *)
| [] -> ctx.tail <- false; expect ctx loc ~want (unit_at loc)
| [] -> ctx.tail <- false; ctx.used <- false; expect ctx loc ~want (unit_at loc)
| _ ->
(* A block's tail is its last form and nothing else. Callers that must not
pass one on need do nothing: [check] withdrew it before they were
reached, so [tail] is already false here for all of them. *)
let tail = ctx.tail in
let used = ctx.used in
ctx.used <- false;
let rec go = function
| [ last ] ->
ctx.defer_ok <- defer_ok;
ctx.tail <- tail;
ctx.used <- used;
let l = check ctx ?want last in [ l ], l.Tast.ty
| x :: rest ->
ctx.defer_ok <- defer_ok;
ctx.tail <- false;
ctx.used <- false;
let x = check ctx x in
let rest, ty = go rest in x :: rest, ty
| [] -> assert false
@ -7090,12 +7106,13 @@ and defer_counter_zero slot loc =
(* [defer_ok] says whether *this* let has the function's extent. If it does, so
does every form in its body, including a nested let — which is why the flag
is handed to the body rather than consumed here. *)
and check_let ctx ?(tail = false) ?want ?(defer_ok = false) loc bs body =
and check_let ctx ?(tail = false) ?(used = false) ?want ?(defer_ok = false) loc bs body =
scoped ctx (fun () ->
let bs =
map_lr
(fun (b : Ast.binding) ->
let want = Option.map (resolve ctx.env) b.Ast.bty in
ctx.used <- true;
let v = check ctx ?want b.Ast.bval in
(match v.Tast.ty with
(* A refused initialiser, already reported: the name is bound to
@ -7112,6 +7129,7 @@ and check_let ctx ?(tail = false) ?want ?(defer_ok = false) loc bs body =
in
(* After the bindings, because checking each of them withdrew it. *)
ctx.tail <- tail;
ctx.used <- used;
let body = block ctx ?want ~defer_ok loc body in
mk loc body.Tast.ty (Tast.Let (bs, [ body ])))
@ -7583,14 +7601,14 @@ and check_truthy_once ctx c =
with Loc.Error d -> refuse_or_poison ctx.env loc d))
| exception Loc.Error _ -> check ctx ~want:Types.Bool c
and check_if ctx ?(tail = false) ?want loc c t e =
and check_if ctx ?(tail = false) ?(used = false) ?want loc c t e =
if ctx.env.recovering && ctx.env.speculating = 0 then
check_if_once ctx ~tail ?want loc c t e
check_if_once ctx ~tail ~used ?want loc c t e
else
match
List.find_opt
(fun (n, (sc, r), w, _) ->
n == c && r == ctx.ret && w = want && same_scope sc ctx.scope)
n == c && r == ctx.ret && w = (want, used) && same_scope sc ctx.scope)
(Hashtbl.find_all if_failed c.Ast.loc)
with
| Some (_, _, _, d) -> raise (Loc.Error d)
@ -7602,23 +7620,20 @@ and check_if ctx ?(tail = false) ?want loc c t e =
decr if_depth;
if !if_depth = 0 then Hashtbl.reset if_failed)
(fun () ->
try check_if_once ctx ~tail ?want loc c t e
try check_if_once ctx ~tail ~used ?want loc c t e
with Loc.Error d as ex ->
Hashtbl.add if_failed c.Ast.loc (c, (scope, ctx.ret), want, d);
Hashtbl.add if_failed c.Ast.loc (c, (scope, ctx.ret), (want, used), d);
raise ex)
and check_if_once ctx ~tail ?want loc c t e =
and check_if_once ctx ~tail ~used ?want loc c t e =
let c = check_truthy ctx c in
(* Both arms are the tail, and a one-armed [if] counts: [(when c (recur ...))]
is how nearly every loop is written, and the branch is still the last
thing the body does. *)
let in_tail f = ctx.tail <- tail; f () in
thing the body does. Both arms are kept when the [if] is. *)
let in_tail f = ctx.tail <- tail; ctx.used <- used; f () in
match e with
| None ->
(* A one-armed if produces Unit whatever the branch evaluates to: there is
no value on the missing side. `when` desugars to this. *)
let t = branch ctx (fun () -> in_tail (fun () -> check ctx t)) in
expect ctx loc ~want (mk loc Types.Unit (Tast.If (c, t, unit_at loc)))
| None -> check_when ctx ~used ?want loc c (fun ?want () ->
branch ctx (fun () -> in_tail (fun () -> check ctx ?want t)))
(* Two literal arms meet at the wider of their own types, as two literal
elements of an array do: [(if c 1 2.5)] is an f64. *)
| Some e
@ -7813,6 +7828,48 @@ and check_if_once ctx ~tail ?want loc c t e =
in
mk loc ty (Tast.If (c, t, e))
(* A one-armed [if], which [when] is. As a statement it is Unit whatever its
branch evaluates to. Kept — a [let]'s value, an argument, a return, or
anything else with a type wanted of it — it answers (Option T): [Some] of
the branch when the test held and [None] when it did not. A branch that
is already an Option is not flattened: the answer is (Option (Option T)),
Rust's [bool::then], so [None] from the branch and a failed test stay two
answers.
Dyn has no Option. Where a dyn is wanted, or the branch is a dyn, a false
test answers nil and a true one the branch's value — one absence, as a
dyn map's [get] has.
A branch with no value (Unit) or none at all (Never) keeps the statement's
Unit, so what is refused about binding one is refused as before. *)
and check_when ctx ~used ?want loc c
(branch_at : ?want:Types.t -> unit -> Tast.expr) =
let stmt t = expect ctx loc ~want (mk loc Types.Unit (Tast.If (c, t, unit_at loc))) in
let nil () = rt loc Types.Dyn "flan_dyn_nil" [] in
let valueless (t : Tast.expr) =
match t.Tast.ty with Types.Unit | Types.Never -> true | _ -> false
in
match want with
| Some (Types.Unit | Types.Never) -> stmt (branch_at ())
| Some Types.Dyn ->
let t = branch_at ~want:Types.Dyn () in
mk loc Types.Dyn (Tast.If (c, t, nil ()))
| Some (Types.Option inner) ->
let t = branch_at ~want:inner () in
let oty = Types.Option inner in
let some = if t.Tast.ty = Types.Never then t else mk loc oty (Tast.Some_ t) in
mk loc oty (Tast.If (c, some, mk loc oty Tast.None_))
| None when not used -> stmt (branch_at ())
| _ ->
let t = branch_at () in
if valueless t then stmt t
else if Types.equal t.Tast.ty Types.Dyn then
expect ctx loc ~want (mk loc Types.Dyn (Tast.If (c, t, nil ())))
else
let oty = Types.Option t.Tast.ty in
expect ctx loc ~want
(mk loc oty (Tast.If (c, mk loc oty (Tast.Some_ t), mk loc oty Tast.None_)))
(* The type two literals meet at, each at its own type — a wide integer at
u64, which is the only type that holds one. *)
and literal_join ctx (a : Ast.expr) (b : Ast.expr) =
@ -8856,7 +8913,12 @@ and check_array_gen ctx ~want loc dims f =
(array_build ctx loc ns elem ~pre:[ (fs, f) ]
~element:(fun idxs -> mk loc elem (Tast.CallPtr (fv, idxs))))
and check_match ctx ?(tail = false) ?want loc scrutinee arms =
and check_match ctx ?(tail = false) ?(used = false) ?(stmt = false) ?want loc
scrutinee arms =
(* [stmt] is an [if let] with no else: a statement, Unit whatever its arm
answers, as a one-armed [if] is when nothing keeps it. *)
let used = used && not stmt in
let want = if stmt then None else want in
let s = check ctx scrutinee in
(* What the arms are alternatives over. An [Option] is a two-case data type
wearing a special coat, so the two shapes below are the same shape: a set
@ -9260,6 +9322,7 @@ and check_match ctx ?(tail = false) ?want loc scrutinee arms =
(* Every arm is the tail, exactly as an [if]'s two arms are.
Restored here because checking the scrutinee withdrew it. *)
ctx.tail <- tail;
ctx.used <- used;
let arm = (a, ctor, binds) in
let body =
if free && !want <> None && not (literal_arm arm) then
@ -9306,7 +9369,12 @@ and check_match ctx ?(tail = false) ?want loc scrutinee arms =
| Error _ -> at !want ())
else block ctx ?want:!want a.Ast.aloc a.Ast.body
in
(if body.Tast.ty <> Types.Never then
let body =
if stmt && body.Tast.ty <> Types.Unit && body.Tast.ty <> Types.Never
then mk body.Tast.loc Types.Unit (Tast.Do [ body; unit_at body.Tast.loc ])
else body
in
(if body.Tast.ty <> Types.Never && not stmt then
match !want with
| None -> want := Some body.Tast.ty
| Some w when free ->
@ -9400,7 +9468,10 @@ and check_match ctx ?(tail = false) ?want loc scrutinee arms =
(String.concat ", " missing)
(if List.length missing = 1 then "has" else "have")
(if List.length missing = 1 then "it" else "them");
let ty = match !want with Some t -> t | None -> Types.Never in
let ty =
if stmt then Types.Unit
else match !want with Some t -> t | None -> Types.Never
in
match subject with
| `Option _ | `Data _ -> mk loc ty (Tast.Match (s, arms))
| `Enum _ | `Bool | `Lit _ ->
@ -9436,6 +9507,49 @@ and check_match ctx ?(tail = false) ?want loc scrutinee arms =
in
mk loc ty (Tast.Let ([ (slot, s) ], [ chain arms ]))
(* [if let P = v] — (if-let [P v] then else) — is the two-arm match
[(match v P then _ else)]. With no else it is a statement, Unit whatever
[then] answers, as a one-armed [if] is.
A pattern that cannot fail — [_], or a plain name, which is a name to bind
and not a case — tests nothing, and is refused toward [let]. A bare name is
a case when some data type, Option or bool has a case of that name, or it
names an enum member through its enum. *)
and check_if_let ctx ~tail ~used ?want loc scrutinee (arm : Ast.arm) els =
let fln = fln_source loc in
let is_case n =
List.mem n [ "None"; "Some"; "true"; "false" ]
|| String.contains n '.'
|| Hashtbl.fold
(fun _ u acc -> acc || Tast.case_index u n <> None)
ctx.env.datas false
in
let irrefutable name =
match name with
| Some n ->
Loc.failk "check/if-let-irrefutable" arm.Ast.aloc
"the pattern %s is a plain name, which always matches, so this if let \
has nothing to test. Bind the value with %s"
n
(if fln then Printf.sprintf "let %s = ..." n
else Printf.sprintf "(let [%s ...] ...)" n)
| None ->
Loc.failk "check/if-let-irrefutable" arm.Ast.aloc
"the pattern _ always matches, so this if let has nothing to test. \
Use the value directly, or match on it"
in
(match arm.Ast.pat with
| Ast.Pwild -> irrefutable None
| Ast.Pctor (n, []) when not (is_case n) -> irrefutable (Some n)
| _ -> ());
let wild body = { Ast.pat = Ast.Pwild; body; aloc = loc } in
match els with
| Some e ->
check_match ctx ~tail ~used ?want loc scrutinee [ arm; wild [ e ] ]
| None ->
expect ctx loc ~want
(check_match ctx ~tail ~stmt:true loc scrutinee [ arm; wild [] ])
(* ── Places ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── *)
(* The fields a name has, whether it is a struct or an untagged union. The two
@ -10702,6 +10816,141 @@ and vec_at ctx loc (target : Tast.expr) (idx : Ast.expr list) =
fail loc
"a Vec takes exactly one index, as (at v i)"
(* [(get xs i ...)] over an array, a slice, a string or a Vec: the element
as [(Some e)], or [None] when any index is out of range, negative
included, where [at] would trap. One index per dimension, as [at] takes.
The indices are evaluated once, left to right, before any test. An array's
length is static, so the array itself is read once and is not copied; a
slice's, a string's or a Vec's is read off the value, so that value is
put in a slot first unless it is already a name. Each level is tested
before the next is reached, because a Vec of Vecs has no inner length to
test until the outer index is known to be in range. The element is then
read by [at] as usual, whose own check can no longer fail. *)
and checked_get ctx ~want loc (target : Tast.expr) (idx : Ast.expr list) =
let rec result ty = function
| [] -> ty
| (i : Ast.expr) :: rest ->
(match ty with
| Types.Array (_, t) | Types.Slice (_, t) | Types.Vec t -> result t rest
| Types.String -> result (Types.Int Types.U8) rest
| other ->
fail i.Ast.loc
"get takes an array, a slice, a string, a Vec, a Map or a dyn, and \
%s cannot be indexed" (tyname i.Ast.loc other))
in
let oty = Types.Option (result target.Tast.ty idx) in
let none () = mk loc oty Tast.None_ in
let is_name (e : Tast.expr) =
match e.Tast.e with Tast.Local _ | Tast.Global _ -> true | _ -> false
in
(* A value a call answered is bound before the indices run, so the target
is still evaluated first. *)
let pre = ref [] in
let target =
match target.Tast.e with
| Tast.Call _ | Tast.CallPtr _ ->
let s = fresh_slot ctx target.Tast.ty in
pre := [ (s, target) ];
mk loc target.Tast.ty (Tast.Local s)
| _ -> target
in
let islots =
map_lr
(fun (i : Ast.expr) ->
let v = index_expr ctx i in
let s = fresh_slot ctx index_ty in
(s, v))
idx
in
let ivar (s, _) = mk loc index_ty (Tast.Local s) in
let i32 k = mk loc index_ty (Tast.Int (k, Types.I32)) in
let within i len =
let ge = mk loc Types.Bool (Tast.Prim (Tast.Ge, [ i; i32 0L ])) in
let lt = mk loc Types.Bool (Tast.Prim (Tast.Lt, [ i; len ])) in
mk loc Types.Bool (Tast.If (ge, lt, mk loc Types.Bool (Tast.Bool false)))
in
(* The value reached so far is [base] indexed by [path], innermost last. *)
let reached base path ty =
if path = [] then base
else mk loc ty (Tast.Prim (Tast.At, base :: List.rev path))
in
(* A value whose length is read as well as indexed, in a slot unless it is
a name already. *)
let named cur k =
if is_name cur then k cur
else
let s = fresh_slot ctx cur.Tast.ty in
mk loc oty
(Tast.Let ([ (s, cur) ], [ k (mk loc cur.Tast.ty (Tast.Local s)) ]))
in
let rec go base path ty = function
| [] -> mk loc oty (Tast.Some_ (reached base path ty))
| i :: rest ->
let i = ivar i in
(match ty with
| Types.Array (n, t) ->
mk loc oty (Tast.If (within i (i32 n), go base (i :: path) t rest, none ()))
| Types.Slice _ | Types.String ->
let t =
match ty with Types.Slice (_, t) -> t | _ -> Types.Int Types.U8
in
named (reached base path ty) (fun cur ->
let len = mk loc index_ty (Tast.Prim (Tast.Len, [ cur ])) in
mk loc oty (Tast.If (within i len, go cur [ i ] t rest, none ())))
| Types.Vec t ->
named (reached base path ty) (fun cur ->
let n = rt loc (Types.Int Types.I64) "flan_vec_len" [ cur; here loc ] in
let len = mk loc index_ty (Tast.Prim (Tast.Cast index_ty, [ n ])) in
let p =
rt loc (Types.Ptr (Types.Mut, t)) "flan_vec_at"
[ cur; i; size_of loc t; here loc ]
in
mk loc oty
(Tast.If (within i len, go (mk loc t (Tast.Deref p)) [] t rest,
none ())))
| _ -> assert false)
in
expect ctx loc ~want
(mk loc oty (Tast.Let (!pre @ islots, [ go target [] target.Tast.ty islots ])))
(* [(get d k ...)] over a dyn: a map's value at the key, a vec's or a text's
element at the index, or nil when there is none — dyn has no Option. More
than one key walks a level per key, and a nil level answers nil. *)
and dyn_get ctx ~want loc (target : Tast.expr) (keys : Ast.expr list) =
let nil () = rt loc Types.Dyn "flan_dyn_nil" [] in
let one v k = rt loc Types.Dyn "flan_dyn_get_at" [ v; k; here loc ] in
let keys =
map_lr
(fun k -> (fresh_slot ctx Types.Dyn, check ctx ~want:Types.Dyn k))
keys
in
let kvar (s, _) = mk loc Types.Dyn (Tast.Local s) in
let rec go v = function
| [] -> v
| k :: rest when rest = [] -> one v (kvar k)
| k :: rest ->
let s = fresh_slot ctx Types.Dyn in
let sv = mk loc Types.Dyn (Tast.Local s) in
let is_nil =
mk loc Types.Bool
(Tast.Prim (Tast.Ne,
[ rt loc (Types.Int Types.I32) "flan_dyn_is_nil" [ sv ];
mk loc (Types.Int Types.I32) (Tast.Int (0L, Types.I32)) ]))
in
mk loc Types.Dyn
(Tast.Let ([ (s, one v (kvar k)) ],
[ mk loc Types.Dyn (Tast.If (is_nil, nil (), go sv rest)) ]))
in
match keys with
| [ (_, k) ] -> expect ctx loc ~want (one target k)
| _ ->
let ts = fresh_slot ctx Types.Dyn in
expect ctx loc ~want
(mk loc Types.Dyn
(Tast.Let ((ts, target) :: keys,
[ go (mk loc Types.Dyn (Tast.Local ts)) keys ])))
(* [(slice v)], [(slice v lo)] and [(slice v lo hi)] over a Vec — the arm for
it is in [slice], and this is the half that differs from an array's.
@ -11932,20 +12181,29 @@ and named_call ?(qualified = false) ctx ~want loc name args =
There is no allocation here and therefore no guard: a lookup that finds
nothing is an answer, not a failure. *)
| "get" ->
arity ctx loc name 2 args;
(match args with
| target :: (_ :: _ :: _ as idx) ->
(* Two indices or more: an array, a slice or a Vec, one per
dimension, or a dyn walked a level per index. A map takes one key. *)
let target = check_target ctx target in
(match target.Tast.ty with
| Types.Map _ ->
fail loc "a map's get takes one key, as (get m k), and this has %d"
(List.length idx)
| Types.Dyn -> dyn_get ctx ~want loc target idx
| _ -> checked_get ctx ~want loc target idx)
| [ target; k ] ->
let target = check_target ctx target in
(match target.Tast.ty with
| Types.Array _ | Types.Slice _ | Types.String | Types.Vec _ ->
checked_get ctx ~want loc target [ k ]
| Types.Dyn -> dyn_get ctx ~want loc target [ k ]
| _ ->
(* A dyn map's absence is nil, not None: the typed map can promise an
(Option V) because V was written down, and a dyn map has nothing to
write. nil is an ordinary dyn value the caller compares against —
and (contains? m k) is the question to ask when nil might also be
stored under the key. *)
if target.Tast.ty = Types.Dyn then
expect ctx loc ~want
(rt loc Types.Dyn "flan_dyn_get"
[ target; check ctx ~want:Types.Dyn k; here loc ])
else begin
let kt, vt = map_kv loc "get" target.Tast.ty in
let k = check ctx ~want:kt k in
(* Deferred, and the placeholder is [None] rather than [Unit]: this
@ -11954,9 +12212,8 @@ and named_call ?(qualified = false) ctx ~want loc name args =
if deferred_key ctx.env loc "get" kt then
expect ctx loc ~want (mk loc (Types.Option vt) Tast.None_)
else
map_lookup ctx ~want loc "flan_map_get" target kt vt k
end
| _ -> assert false)
map_lookup ctx ~want loc "flan_map_get" target kt vt k)
| _ -> arity ctx loc name 2 args; assert false)
(* (keyword s) -> the interned dyn keyword named by the bytes, for a name
that only exists at run time — a reader building :texture-path out of a
@ -14216,7 +14473,7 @@ and trial ctx f =
let[@warning "+9"] { env = _; ret = _; slots; slot_tys; slot_names; scope;
defers; defer_slot; defer_ok; defer_block; outer = _;
outer_what; caught; place_ok; envslot; parent = _;
in_frames; loops; tail; in_defer;
in_frames; loops; tail; used; in_defer;
owner = _ } = ctx in
let undo, keep = snapshot_env ctx.env in
match speculate ctx.env f with
@ -14229,7 +14486,8 @@ and trial ctx f =
ctx.defer_ok <- defer_ok; ctx.defer_block <- defer_block;
ctx.outer_what <- outer_what; ctx.in_frames <- in_frames;
ctx.caught <- caught; ctx.place_ok <- place_ok; ctx.envslot <- envslot;
ctx.loops <- loops; ctx.tail <- tail; ctx.in_defer <- in_defer;
ctx.loops <- loops; ctx.tail <- tail; ctx.used <- used;
ctx.in_defer <- in_defer;
Error d
| exception e -> keep (); raise e
@ -14590,10 +14848,13 @@ let builtins : (string * string * string) list =
("put", "put [(Map K V) K V] ()",
"Inserts or replaces. Unit rather than an error code, and \
(set (get m k) v) is not map syntax.");
("get", "get [(Map K V) K] (Option V)",
("get", "get [(Map K V) K]|[collection i32 ...] (Option V)|(Option T)",
"The value at the key, or None. Nothing signals here — a lookup that \
finds nothing is an answer — and the value comes back as a copy of \
its bytes.");
its bytes. Over an array, a slice, a string or a Vec it is at that \
answers None for an index out of range, negative included, one index \
per dimension. Over a dyn it answers nil for an absent key or index, \
and more keys walk a level each.");
("map-remove", "map-remove [(Map K V) K] (Option V)",
"Removes the entry and answers the value it held, or None if there was \
none.");
@ -15597,6 +15858,9 @@ let escaping_names ~returns (body : Ast.expr list) : string list =
| Ast.Do es | Ast.Let (_, es) ->
(match List.rev es with x :: _ -> tails x | [] -> ())
| Ast.If (_, a, b) -> tails a; Option.iter tails b
| Ast.IfLet (_, a, b) ->
(match List.rev a.Ast.body with x :: _ -> tails x | [] -> ());
Option.iter tails b
| Ast.Match (_, arms) ->
List.iter
(fun (a : Ast.arm) ->

View File

@ -5021,6 +5021,7 @@ declare void @flan_dyn_class_hook(ptr)
declare i64 @flan_dyn_kw(ptr, i64)
declare i64 @flan_dyn_map_get(i64, i64)
declare i64 @flan_dyn_get(i64, i64, ptr, i64)
declare i64 @flan_dyn_get_at(i64, i64, ptr, i64)
declare void @flan_dyn_map_set(i64, i64, i64)
declare i64 @flan_dyn_map_contains(i64, i64)
declare i64 @flan_dyn_map_contains_at(i64, i64, ptr, i64)

View File

@ -432,8 +432,19 @@ and list f h args =
("fn(" ^ commas ps ^ ") => " ^ unit_text body, 0)
| Form.Sym "if", [ c; a; b ] ->
("if " ^ at 1 c ^ " then " ^ inline_text ~lvl:1 a ^ " else " ^ inline_text b, 0)
(* A used when is a value, [when c then a]. *)
| Form.Sym "when", [ c; a ] -> ("when " ^ at 1 c ^ " then " ^ inline_text a, 0)
| Form.Sym "if-let", ({ v = Form.Vec [ _; _ ]; _ } as hd) :: a :: ([] | [ _ ] as b) ->
(if_let_head hd ^ " then " ^ inline_text ~lvl:1 a
^ (match b with [ b ] -> " else " ^ inline_text b | _ -> ""), 0)
| _ -> call ()
(* [if let P = v], the head (if-let [P v] ...) is written with. *)
and if_let_head (hd : Form.t) =
match hd.v with
| Form.Vec [ pat; v ] -> "if let " ^ at 8 pat ^ " = " ^ at 1 v
| _ -> assert false
(* A one-line slot's text — an arm's value, a then or an else, what follows
defer: the statements that fit on a line are written as statements,
everything else as a value. [lvl] is what a value in the slot needs. *)
@ -595,7 +606,7 @@ let body_guess (h : Form.t) args =
let stmt_like (a : Form.t) =
match a.v with
| Form.List ({ v = Form.Sym h; _ } :: _) ->
List.mem h [ "let"; "set"; "when"; "unless"; "cond"; "while";
List.mem h [ "let"; "set"; "when"; "if-let"; "unless"; "cond"; "while";
"until"; "dotimes"; "match"; "handler-case";
"handler-bind"; "restart-case"; "return"; "defer";
"do"; "break"; "continue" ]
@ -666,7 +677,7 @@ let body_split (h : Form.t) args =
| Some k, _ -> Some (k, false)
let sugar_heads =
[ "let"; "set"; "if"; "when"; "cond"; "while"; "until"; "dotimes"; "match";
[ "let"; "set"; "if"; "when"; "if-let"; "cond"; "while"; "until"; "dotimes"; "match";
"handler-case"; "handler-bind"; "restart-case"; "return"; "defer"; "do";
"quasiquote"; "update" ]
@ -978,6 +989,49 @@ and sugar n (f : Form.t) : string list option =
@ [ Source_text.tag b.loc.Loc.line (i ^ "else") ] @ slot (n + 2) b)
| Form.List ({ v = Form.Sym "when"; _ } :: c :: (_ :: _ as body)) ->
Some ((i ^ "if " ^ at 1 c) :: block (n + 2) body)
(* [if let P = v] and its block; an else that is a cond is its elif
chain, which is what the reader makes of one. *)
| Form.List
({ v = Form.Sym "if-let"; _ } :: ({ v = Form.Vec [ _; _ ]; _ } as hd) :: a
:: ([] | [ _ ] as b)) ->
let simple (x : Form.t) =
match x.v with
| Form.List ({ v = Form.Sym ("return" | "set" | "break" | "continue"); _ } :: _) -> true
| Form.List ({ v = Form.Sym h; _ } :: _) -> not (List.mem h sugar_heads)
| _ -> true
in
let line = i ^ fst (expr f) in
if simple a && List.for_all simple b && String.length line <= width
&& not (!inside f)
then Some [ line ]
else
let head = (i ^ if_let_head hd) :: slot (n + 2) a in
(match b with
| [] -> Some head
| [ ({ v = Form.List ({ v = Form.Sym "cond"; _ } :: args); _ } as e) ] ->
(match pairs args with
| Some (_ :: _ as prs) ->
let tests, else_ =
match List.rev prs with
| (k, e) :: rest when is_else k -> (List.rev rest, Some (k, e))
| _ -> (prs, None)
in
Some
(head
@ List.concat_map
(fun ((c : Form.t), b) ->
Source_text.tag c.loc.Loc.line (i ^ "elif " ^ at 1 c)
:: slot (n + 2) b)
tests
@ (match else_ with
| Some ((k : Form.t), e) ->
Source_text.tag k.loc.Loc.line (i ^ "else") :: slot (n + 2) e
| None -> []))
| _ ->
Some (head @ [ Source_text.tag e.loc.Loc.line (i ^ "else") ] @ slot (n + 2) e))
| [ e ] ->
Some (head @ [ Source_text.tag e.loc.Loc.line (i ^ "else") ] @ slot (n + 2) e)
| _ -> None)
| Form.List ({ v = Form.Sym "cond"; _ } :: args) ->
(match pairs args with
| None -> None

View File

@ -670,6 +670,13 @@ let no_loop loc word =
break leaves the loop early, and continue goes on to the next round."
word
(* A [when] has one branch; an else under one is an if's. *)
let when_else p =
failk "when-else" (peek p).loc
"a when has no else — it answers Some of its value when the test holds \
and None when it does not. For two branches write if c then a else b, \
or an if with an else block"
let rec expr p : Form.t * int = binary p 1
and binary p lvl : Form.t * int =
@ -774,7 +781,7 @@ and primary p : Form.t * int =
| NAME s ->
let nxt = peek_at p 1 in
let glued_lp = nxt.tok = LP && not nxt.sp in
if s = "if" && nxt.sp && starts_value nxt.tok then if_expr p
if (s = "if" || s = "when") && nxt.sp && starts_value nxt.tok then if_expr p
else if s = "fn" && glued_lp then fn_expr p
(* Only the Lisp loop's spellings are refused here, for a message at the
word: [loop x = a, ...], [loop([...]):], a bare [loop] over a block
@ -849,30 +856,76 @@ and primary p : Form.t * int =
failk "expected-value" (where_ p) "expected a value here, and found %s"
(show tk)
(* [if c then a else b]: the one-line form, for a value. *)
(* [if c then a else b]: the one-line form, for a value. [if let P = v then
a else b] and [when c then a] too. *)
and if_expr p =
let t = advance p in
let c, _ = binary p 1 in
let word = match t.tok with NAME w -> w | _ -> "if" in
let letp = if word = "if" then if_let_head p else None in
let c = match letp with Some m -> m | None -> fst (binary p 1) in
(match (peek p).tok with
| NAME "then" -> ignore (advance p)
| _ ->
failk "if-then" (where_ p)
"an if inside a line is if c then a else b, and there is no then \
after %s. Write the then, or start the if on its own line with its \
"an %s inside a line is %s, and there is no then \
after %s. Write the then, or start the %s on its own line with its \
branches indented under it"
(text_of c));
word
(if word = "when" then "when c then a" else "if c then a else b")
(text_of c) word);
let a = inline_stmt p in
match (peek p).tok with
| NAME ("else" | "elif") when word = "when" -> when_else p
| NAME "else" ->
ignore (advance p);
let b = inline_stmt p in
(mk p t.loc (Form.List [ sym t.loc "if"; c; a; b ]), 0)
(if_let_wrap letp (mk p t.loc (Form.List [ sym t.loc "if"; c; a; b ])), 0)
| NAME "elif" ->
failk "one-line-elif" (peek p).loc
"a one-line if has then and else and no elif. Chain another if after \
the else — if a then x else if b then y else z — or write the if over \
several lines, where elif goes"
| _ -> (mk p t.loc (Form.List [ sym t.loc "when"; c; a ]), 0)
| _ -> (if_let_wrap letp (mk p t.loc (Form.List [ sym t.loc "when"; c; a ])), 0)
(* [if let P = v]: after the [if], the pattern and the value, as the one form
[[P v]] that stands where the test would. [None] when no [let] follows. *)
and if_let_head p =
match (peek p).tok, (peek_at p 1) with
| NAME "let", n when n.sp ->
let lt = advance p in
let pat, _ = unary p in
expect_name p "=" ~what:"= and the value the pattern is matched against";
let v, _ = binary p 1 in
Some (mk p lt.loc (Form.Vec [ pat; v ]))
| _ -> None
(* The if an [if let] head was read into, rewritten to (if-let [P v] then
else): [(if [P v] a b)], [(when [P v] body ...)] and an elif chain's
[(cond [P v] a c2 b2 ...)], whose rest is the else. *)
and if_let_wrap letp (f : Form.t) =
match letp with
| None -> f
| Some m ->
let il (h : Form.t) items =
{ f with Form.v = Form.List (sym h.Form.loc "if-let" :: m :: items) }
in
let body (h : Form.t) = function
| [ x ] -> x
| (x : Form.t) :: _ as xs ->
Form.make (Form.List (sym x.Form.loc "do" :: xs)) x.Form.loc
| [] -> Form.make (Form.List [ sym h.Form.loc "do" ]) h.Form.loc
in
match f.Form.v with
| Form.List (({ v = Form.Sym "if"; _ } as h) :: c :: rest) when c == m -> il h rest
| Form.List (({ v = Form.Sym "when"; _ } as h) :: c :: b) when c == m ->
il h [ body h b ]
| Form.List (({ v = Form.Sym "cond"; _ } as h) :: c :: b1 :: rest) when c == m ->
(match rest with
| [] -> il h [ b1 ]
| [ { v = Form.Kw "else"; _ }; e ] -> il h [ b1; e ]
| (c2 : Form.t) :: _ ->
il h [ b1; Form.make (Form.List (sym c2.Form.loc "cond" :: rest)) c2.Form.loc ])
| _ -> f
(* What a one-line slot takes — a match arm's value, a then or an else, the
thing after defer: a value, or one of the statements that fit on a line,
@ -1227,7 +1280,7 @@ let header_follow p s =
| "fn" | "fn-" | "def" | "once" | "const" | "struct" | "union" | "data"
| "enum" | "import" ->
n.sp && plain_name n.tok
| "if" | "while" | "until" | "match" | "let" | "for" ->
| "if" | "when" | "while" | "until" | "match" | "let" | "for" ->
n.sp && starts_value n.tok
&& (match n.tok with
| NAME x when x = "=" || List.mem_assoc x assign_ops -> false
@ -1414,7 +1467,8 @@ and value_line ?(block_ok = false) (s : st) ~after : Form.t =
| NAME (("match" | "handler-case" | "handler-bind" | "restart-case") as w)
when header_follow p w ->
header s w
| NAME "if" when header_follow p "if" && not (then_on_line p) -> header s "if"
| NAME (("if" | "when") as w) when header_follow p w && not (then_on_line p) ->
header s w
| _ ->
let e, _ = expr p in
match (peek p).tok with
@ -1957,12 +2011,16 @@ and header (s : st) w : Form.t =
in
expect_eol p ~after:(text_of path);
form [ alias; path ]
| "if" ->
let c, _ = binary p 1 in
| "if" | "when" ->
let letp = if w = "if" then if_let_head p else None in
let c = match letp with Some m -> m | None -> fst (binary p 1) in
(* The elif and else clauses at the if's column, then the whole form.
[oneline] when the if was [if c then a]: its clauses may then be
one-line too, [elif c then x] and [else y], or take blocks. *)
let clauses ~oneline body =
(match (peek p).tok with
| NAME ("else" | "elif") when w = "when" && not (assigns p) -> when_else p
| _ -> ());
let rec elifs acc =
match (peek p).tok with
| NAME "elif" when not (assigns p) ->
@ -2004,7 +2062,7 @@ and header (s : st) w : Form.t =
in
match els_, else_ with
| [], None -> named "when" (c :: body)
| [], Some (el, e) -> form [ c; blk s l0 body; blk s el e ]
| [], Some (el, e) -> named "if" [ c; blk s l0 body; blk s el e ]
| _ ->
let pairs =
List.concat_map (fun (c, b) -> [ c; blk s c.Form.loc b ]) ((c, body) :: els_)
@ -2016,15 +2074,17 @@ and header (s : st) w : Form.t =
in
named "cond" (pairs @ tail)
in
if_let_wrap letp @@
(match (peek p).tok with
| NAME "then" ->
ignore (advance p);
let a = inline_stmt p in
(match (peek p).tok with
| NAME ("else" | "elif") when w = "when" -> when_else p
| NAME "else" ->
ignore (advance p);
let b = inline_stmt p in
let f = form [ c; a; b ] in
let f = named "if" [ c; a; b ] in
expect_eol p ~after:(text_of f);
f
| NAME "elif" ->

View File

@ -279,6 +279,14 @@ let rec rename_expr owned alias bound (e : Ast.expr) : Ast.expr =
in
{ a with Ast.body = List.map (rename_expr owned alias bound)
a.Ast.body }) arms)
| Ast.IfLet (sc, a, e') ->
let inner =
match a.Ast.pat with Ast.Pctor (_, ns) -> ns @ bound | _ -> bound
in
Ast.IfLet (go sc,
{ a with Ast.body = List.map (rename_expr owned alias inner)
a.Ast.body },
Option.map go e')
(* A quoted symbol naming something the package declares.
[(Form.Sym {.s "Cursor"})] is what a quasiquote desugars to, and it is
the one place a package's name survives into a *string* — which is
@ -840,6 +848,7 @@ let rec expr_uses acc (e : Ast.expr) =
| Ast.Call (h, args) -> go h; gos args
| Ast.Match (sc, arms) ->
go sc; List.iter (fun (a : Ast.arm) -> gos a.Ast.body) arms
| Ast.IfLet (sc, a, e') -> go sc; gos a.Ast.body; Option.iter go e'
| Ast.Struct (n, kvs) ->
acc := (n, e.Ast.loc) :: !acc;
List.iter (fun (_, v) -> go v) kvs

View File

@ -489,6 +489,18 @@ and form f mk (head : Form.t) (args : Form.t list) : Ast.expr =
| Sym "cond" -> cond f args
(* (if-let [pattern value] then) and (if-let [pattern value] then else):
[value] is matched against [pattern], whose names are bound in [then]
only. Any [match] pattern may stand there. *)
| Sym "if-let" ->
(match args with
| { v = Vec [ p; v ]; _ } :: t :: rest when List.length rest <= 1 ->
let arm = { Ast.pat = pattern p; body = [ expr t ]; aloc = p.loc } in
mk (Ast.IfLet (expr v, arm, Option.map expr (List.nth_opt rest 0)))
| _ ->
fail f "if-let is (if-let [pattern value] then) or \
(if-let [pattern value] then else)")
(* Short-circuiting, so they cannot be ordinary calls. *)
| Sym "and" -> shortcircuit f args ~is_and:true
| Sym "or" -> shortcircuit f args ~is_and:false

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@ -4157,6 +4157,22 @@ flan_dyn flan_dyn_get(flan_dyn m, flan_dyn k, const uint8_t *loc,
return flan_dyn_map_get(m, k);
}
/* The [get] builtin's, which [.field] does not share: over a map it is
* [flan_dyn_get], and over a vec or a text it is [at] that answers nil for an
* index out of range, negative included, where [at] traps. The index must
* still be an int — a wrong kind of key is a mistake, not an absence. */
flan_dyn flan_dyn_get_at(flan_dyn v, flan_dyn i, const uint8_t *loc,
int64_t loclen) {
int64_t k, len;
flan_obj *o;
if (!is_text(v) && !is_vec(v)) return flan_dyn_get(v, i, loc, loclen);
k = need_index(loc, loclen, "get", v, i);
o = dyn_obj(v);
len = o->kind == OBJ_VIEW ? view_len(loc, loclen, "get", o) : o->len;
if (k < 0 || k >= len) return flan_dyn_nil();
return flan_dyn_at(v, i, loc, loclen);
}
static flan_dyn contains_walk(flan_dyn m, flan_dyn k) {
flan_obj *o = want_map(walk_loc, walk_len, walk_op, m, k);
if (o->kind == OBJ_VIEW) {

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@ -245,6 +245,10 @@ flan_dyn flan_dyn_map_get(flan_dyn m, flan_dyn k);
/* [get]'s, and a dyn's [.field]: [flan_dyn_map_get] with a site. */
flan_dyn flan_dyn_get(flan_dyn m, flan_dyn k, const uint8_t *loc,
int64_t loclen);
/* The [get] builtin's: [flan_dyn_get] over a map, and over a vec or a text
* the element, or nil for an index out of range. */
flan_dyn flan_dyn_get_at(flan_dyn v, flan_dyn i, const uint8_t *loc,
int64_t loclen);
void flan_dyn_map_set(flan_dyn m, flan_dyn k, flan_dyn v);
/* [put]'s: [flan_dyn_map_set], with the site a typed class slot's refusal
* prints. */

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@ -214,6 +214,16 @@ Each item: the proposal, then the reason in one line.
line after a one-line `if c then a`, at its column, continues it (section
3, item 6); each such clause is one-line (`elif c then x`, `else y`) or
takes a block.
- **`when c`** plus a block, or `when c then a`, reads as `when`, which is
what an `if` without `else` reads as too. No `else` or `elif` follows it.
A `when` whose value is kept (a `let`'s value, an argument, a return) gives
`Some(a)` when `c` holds and `None` when it does not; where a `dyn` is
wanted, `a` or `nil`. As a statement it gives nothing. **Built.**
- **`if let P = v`** plus a block reads as `(if-let [P v] then)`; `elif` and
`else` follow as for `if`, the rest of the chain being the `if-let`'s else.
`P` is any `match` pattern, and its names are bound in the block only. One
line: `if let Some(g) = o then g else 0`. A pattern that cannot fail, a
plain name or `_`, is refused toward `let`. **Built.**
- **`while c`, `until c`**, optional label first: `while :outer c`. **Built.**
- **`for i in range(n)`**, `range(a, b)`, `range(a, b, step)` read as
`dotimes`. `range` here is syntax, not a function. `..` is avoided because

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@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
;;;; get over an array, a slice, a string and a Vec is at that answers None
;;;; for an index out of range, negative included, one index per dimension.
;;;; Over a dyn it answers nil, and more keys walk a level each.
(defn show [o (Option i32)] ()
(match o (Some v) (println v) None (println "none")))
(defn three [] (Vec i32)
(let [v (vec-new i32)] (push v 10) (push v 20) (push v 30) v))
(defn dvec [] dyn [10 [20 21] 30])
(defn dmap [] dyn {:a 1 :b [5 6]})
(defn main [] ()
(let [a [1 2 3]
grid [[1 2 3] [4 5 6]]
s (slice a)
v (three)
n (length a)
vv (vec-new (Vec i32) context/temp)]
(push vv v)
;; -1, 0, len-1 and len on an array.
(show (get a -1))
(show (get a 0))
(show (get a (- n 1)))
(show (get a n))
;; Two dimensions, each tested.
(let [r 0 c 1]
(show (get grid (+ r 1) (- c 1)))
(show (get grid (- r 1) c))
(show (get grid r (+ c 2))))
(show (get grid 1 2))
(show (get grid 2 0))
;; A slice.
(show (get s 2))
(show (get s 3))
;; A Vec, and one a call answered.
(show (get v -1))
(show (get v 0))
(show (get v 2))
(show (get v 3))
(show (get (three) 1))
;; A Vec of Vecs: the inner length is tested only once the outer index is.
(show (get vv 0 2))
(show (get vv 0 3))
(show (get vv 1 0))
;; A string's byte.
(match (get "hey" 1) (Some b) (println b) None (println "none"))
(match (get "hey" 3) (Some b) (println b) None (println "none")))
;; Dyn.
(let [d (dvec) m (dmap)]
(println (get d -1))
(println (get d 0))
(println (get d 2))
(println (get d 3))
(println (get d 1 1))
(println (get d 1 2))
(println (get d 5 0))
(println (get m :a))
(println (get m :z))
(println (get m :b 1))
(println (get m :z 1))
(println (.a m))))

56
test/programs/if-let.fln Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
;; if let: the block runs when the pattern matches, its names bound there only.
data Shape
Rect(w: i32, h: i32)
Dot
enum Dir
north = 0
south = 1
fn describe(o: Option(i32), k: i32) -> i32
if let Some(g) = o
g + 1
elif k > 5
100
else
0
fn first(xs: [3 i32]) -> i32
if let Some(x) = get(xs, 0) then x else -1
;; Nested: a pattern tested inside the block of another.
fn area(s: Option(Shape)) -> i32
if let Some(x) = s
if let Rect(w, h) = x
w * h
else
-1
else
-2
fn main()
let g = 7
println(describe(Some(4), 0))
println(describe(None, 9))
println(describe(None, 1))
println(first([9, 8, 7]))
;; Shadowing: g is the payload inside the block and the outer g after it.
if let Some(g) = Some(1)
println(g)
println(g)
;; Any match pattern.
if let None = get([1, 2], 5)
println("absent")
if let :north = Dir.north
println("north")
println(area(Some(Shape.Rect{.w 2 .h 3})))
println(area(Some(Shape.Dot)))
println(area(None))
;; when on one line and with a block.
let w = when g > 3 then g * 2
match w
Some(v) -> println(v)
None -> println("none")
when g > 1
println("when block")

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@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
;;;; A when whose value is kept answers an Option: Some of its body when the
;;;; test holds, None when it does not. As a statement it answers nothing.
;;;; Where a dyn is wanted it answers the body or nil, since dyn has no
;;;; Option. A body that is already an Option is not flattened.
(defn show [o (Option i32)] ()
(match o (Some v) (println v) None (println "none")))
;; Returned: the return type is the want.
(defn half [n i32] (Option i32) (when (= 0 (% n 2)) (/ n 2)))
;; Nested, as Rust's bool::then: None from the body stays apart from a
;; failed test.
(defn wrap [c bool o (Option i32)] (Option (Option i32)) (when c o))
(defn level [oo (Option (Option i32))] ()
(match oo
(Some o) (match o (Some v) (println v) None (println "some none"))
None (println "none")))
;; Dyn: the body or nil.
(defn dyn-when [x] dyn (when x 5))
(defn main [] ()
(show (half 10))
(show (half 7))
;; A let's value.
(let [a (when (> 3 2) 42)
b (when (> 2 3) 42)]
(show a)
(show b))
;; An argument.
(show (when true 9))
(level (wrap true (Some 1)))
(level (wrap true None))
(level (wrap false (Some 1)))
(println (dyn-when true))
(println (dyn-when nil))
;; Statements, unchanged.
(when true (println "ran"))
(when false (println "not run"))
(println "end"))

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@ -2058,6 +2058,29 @@ let () =
dyn_if_truthy_out;
outputs ~x86:true "dyn if truthiness, --x86" "programs/dyn-if-truthy.flan"
dyn_if_truthy_out;
(* A kept when is an Option; get is a checked lookup; if let. *)
let when_value_out =
"5\nnone\n42\nnone\n9\n1\nsome none\nnone\n5\nnil\nran\nend\n"
in
outputs "when as a value" "programs/when-value.flan" when_value_out;
outputs ~opt:"-O0" "when as a value, -O0" "programs/when-value.flan" when_value_out;
outputs ~x86:true "when as a value, --x86" "programs/when-value.flan" when_value_out;
let get_checked_out =
"none\n1\n3\nnone\n4\nnone\nnone\n6\nnone\n3\nnone\n\
none\n10\n30\nnone\n20\n30\nnone\nnone\n101\nnone\n\
nil\n10\n30\nnil\n21\nnil\nnil\n1\nnil\n6\nnil\n1\n"
in
outputs "get as a checked lookup" "programs/get-checked.flan" get_checked_out;
outputs ~opt:"-O0" "get as a checked lookup, -O0" "programs/get-checked.flan"
get_checked_out;
outputs ~x86:true "get as a checked lookup, --x86" "programs/get-checked.flan"
get_checked_out;
let if_let_out =
"5\n100\n0\n9\n1\n7\nabsent\nnorth\n6\n-1\n-2\n14\nwhen block\n"
in
outputs "if let" "programs/if-let.fln" if_let_out;
outputs ~opt:"-O0" "if let, -O0" "programs/if-let.fln" if_let_out;
outputs ~x86:true "if let, --x86" "programs/if-let.fln" if_let_out;
(* format-f64, the first number formatter a caller can steer. The three
lines that would ship wrong are pinned deliberately: 0.999995 at five
places, where the rounded fraction equals the scale and is the next

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@ -8125,5 +8125,23 @@ let () =
parse_rejects "_ in a defgeneric's return slot"
~needle:"defgeneric's methods each have their own"
"(defgeneric area [s] _)";
(* if-let refuses a pattern that cannot fail, toward let; the program half
is programs/if-let.flan. *)
rejects_check "if-let over a plain name"
~needle:"the pattern g is a plain name, which always matches"
"(defn main [] () (if-let [g (Some 1)] (println g)))";
rejects_check "and says let" ~needle:"(let [g ...] ...)"
"(defn main [] () (if-let [g (Some 1)] (println g)))";
rejects_check "if-let over _" ~needle:"the pattern _ always matches"
"(defn main [] () (if-let [_ (Some 1)] (println 1)))";
accepts "if-let over a case with no fields"
"(defdata S [(A []) (B [])])\n(defn main [] () (if-let [A S.B] (println 1)))";
(* A used when is an Option, and a statement's is nothing. *)
accepts "a let's when is an Option"
"(defn main [] () (let [x (the (Option i32) (when true 1))] (println x)))";
rejects_check "a when is not its branch's type" ~needle:"(Option i32)"
"(defn f [] i32 (when true 1))\n(defn main [] ())";
rejects_check "a map's get takes one key" ~needle:"a map's get takes one key"
"(defn main [] () (let [m (map-new i32 i32)] (println (get m 1 2))))";
Test_support.report ()

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@ -933,6 +933,26 @@ let () =
" sort-by(xs, fn(a, b) =>\n g(a)\n a < b)";
round "one closer for a call in a call"
"(defn f [] () (println (run (fn [] (g) 1))))" " println(run(fn() =>\n g()\n 1))";
(* if let and when, read both ways and printed back. *)
round "if let with a block and an else"
"(defn f [o (Option i32)] i32 (if-let [(Some g) o] (do (println g) g) 0))"
" if let Some(g) = o\n println(g)\n g\n else\n 0";
round "if let on one line"
"(defn f [o (Option i32)] i32 (if-let [(Some g) o] g 0))"
" if let Some(g) = o then g else 0";
round "if let with elif"
"(defn f [o (Option i32) k i32] i32 (if-let [(Some g) o] (+ g 1) (cond (> k 5) 100 :else 0)))"
" elif k > 5\n 100\n else\n 0";
round "if let with no else" "(defn f [o (Option i32)] () (if-let [(Some g) o] (do (println g) (println g))))"
" if let Some(g) = o\n println(g)";
round "a kept when" "(defn f [] () (let [w (when (> a 1) 2)] (g w)))"
" let w = when a > 1 then 2";
reads "when with a block" "when a\n b()\n c()" "(when a (b) (c))";
reads "when on one line" "when a then b()" "(when a (b))";
reads "if let with elif and no else" "if let None = o\n a()\nelif c\n b()"
"(if-let [None o] (a) (cond c (b)))";
refuses "when has no else" "when a then b() else c()" "indent/when-else" "a when has no else";
refuses "nor an else block" "when a\n b()\nelse\n c()" "indent/when-else" "a when has no else";
round "a typed block lambda in a call"
"(defn f [] () (h (the (Fn [C] bool) (fn [c] (g c) (> (.n c) 3)))))"
" h(fn(c: C) -> bool =>\n g(c)\n c.n > 3)";