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@@ -486,3 +486,53 @@ embedding OCaml 5.2 — and the multicore runtime means the most likely obstacle
 
 **Order of work:** answer the embedding questions above with a spike, not a rewrite. If OCaml embeds acceptably, item
 11 is buildable and no port is needed. Self-hosting stays a long-term ambition rather than a prerequisite.
+
+## 13. The two questions are independent, and the order matters
+
+The end of the session, and the clearest statement of what is actually being decided. Read this before items 10, 11
+and 12, which were each written mid-argument.
+
+**Two separate decisions, repeatedly conflated in conversation:**
+
+1. **One process or two** — whether the compiler runs inside the program's process. This is about *transport*: how
+   compiled code and inspection data move between the compiler and the running program.
+2. **How machine code is produced and installed** — the current `llc` + `ld` + `dlopen`, libLLVM's in-process JIT
+   (ORC), or a hand-written lowering. This is about *code generation*.
+
+Neither implies the other. A hand-written backend removes `llc` and `ld` (about 21ms of a 35ms redefinition) and
+leaves the transport. Merging the processes removes the transport and leaves code generation exactly as it is.
+**Merging is the larger prize.**
+
+**And there is a third option for question 2 that keeps getting lost: change nothing.** In one process you can still
+write a `.so` and `dlopen` it. You lose nothing that works today, and you still delete the socket, the wire protocol,
+the 4K result cap, the seqlock, the snapshot copying, the render-thunk-per-inspection, and `flan reload` paying process
+startup every time.
+
+**So the order is:**
+
+1. **Spike the embedding** (item 12). OCaml 5.2's multicore runtime removes the objection that would have been fatal.
+   If it embeds acceptably, everything below is reachable.
+2. **Merge the processes**, keeping the existing code path. Biggest win, no new dependency, deletes the most
+   machinery.
+3. **Measure what is left.** With transport gone, a redefinition is whatever code generation costs. That may simply be
+   fine.
+4. **Then decide the backend, on evidence.** libLLVM's JIT means linking the library `plan.org` rejected — for
+   reasons that were right at the time, when the JIT was worth ~13ms and nothing else. In one process it is worth the
+   file, the load, the unbounded accumulation *and* cheap evaluation of arbitrary real code, which the author has since
+   named as a first-class want. The cost is also more bounded than "breaks routinely" suggests: the bindings track
+   LLVM major versions, so it is a pin you own and upgrade deliberately.
+
+   A hand-written lowering buys the same speed plus no dependency and a disassembler you own, at the cost of an
+   instruction selector per architecture, maintained forever. The drift risk is real but testable — the `@sanitize`
+   alias already builds 28 programs twice and compares output and exit status, which is exactly the harness two
+   backends would need.
+
+**The principle to keep:** the original decision was made on a measurement and it held up for months. Make this one the
+same way — merge first, measure, then choose. Do not pre-empt step 4 at step 1.
+
+**Also settled in passing:** a release build can include the compiler and server and simply not be connected to, the
+way an SBCL executable can. The dev/release split is a build flag, not an architectural constraint.
+
+**And one correction to keep:** OCaml's own wasm support is irrelevant to any of this. OCaml is the compiler's
+implementation language; Flan programs reach wasm through LLVM. The two only meet if the *compiler* should run in a
+browser, which is not a goal.