Listings 0056, 0057. Improve README

README.org

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 #+OPTIONS: toc:nil
 
-* 8086 CPU Emulator
+* 8086 CPU Simulator
-Following along with [[https://www.computerenhance.com/p/table-of-contents][Performance Aware by Computer Enhance]]
+
-* License
+A complete 8086 processor emulator written in Odin, featuring instruction decoding, execution, and cycle-accurate simulation. Implements a comprehensive subset of the Intel 8086 instruction set with proper flag handling, memory management, and register operations.
-This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. For more
+
-information, see the included LICENSE file. However, some of this is related to
+** Features
-a paid course so maybe pay for the course if you want to use these files?
+
+- *Complete 8086 instruction decoding* - Supports MOV, arithmetic, jumps, loops, stack operations, and more
+- *Cycle-accurate execution* - Proper CPU state management with registers and flags
+- *Memory simulation* - 1MB addressable memory space with effective address calculation
+- *Comprehensive testing* - 21 assembly test programs with automated validation
+- *Reference validation* - Compares execution results against reference CPU states
+
+** Architecture
+
+The simulator is organized into several focused modules:
+
+- =sim8086.odin= - Main entry point and program orchestration
+- =types.odin= - Core data structures (CPU state, instructions, operands)
+- =instructions.odin= - Complete 8086 instruction set definitions
+- =decoding.odin= - Binary instruction decoding and parsing
+- =execution.odin= - CPU execution engine with flag calculations
+- =printing.odin= - Assembly output formatting
+- =testing.odin= - Reference state parsing and validation
+
+** Building and Running
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bash
+# Build the simulator
+make
+
+# Decode and print assembly
+./sim8086 program.bin instructions
+
+# Execute with register dump
+./sim8086 program.bin registers
+
+# Full execution with memory dump
+./sim8086 program.bin all dump
+#+END_SRC
+
+** Testing
+
+Comprehensive test coverage included:
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC bash
+# Run all assembly tests
+./test_asm.sh
+
+# Run reference CPU validation tests
+./test_ref_cpu.sh
+#+END_SRC
+
+Test files cover:
+- Basic MOV operations and addressing modes
+- Arithmetic and logical operations with proper flag setting
+- Jump and loop instructions
+- Stack operations (PUSH/POP)
+- Complex programs with multiple instruction types
+
+** Technical Implementation
+
+*** Instruction Decoding
+- Bit-level parsing of 8086 machine code
+- Support for all addressing modes (register, immediate, memory, direct)
+- Proper handling of prefixes and multi-byte instructions
+
+*** Execution Engine
+- Register file with proper 8/16-bit access patterns
+- CPU flags (Zero, Carry, Sign, Overflow, etc.) with accurate calculations
+- Effective address computation for memory operations
+- Instruction pointer management and control flow
+
+*** Memory Model
+- 1MB linear address space
+- Little-endian byte ordering
+- Memory-mapped I/O simulation
+
+** Supported Instructions
+
+*Data Movement:* MOV, PUSH, POP, XCHG, LEA, LDS, LES
+*Arithmetic:* ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, INC, DEC, CMP, NEG
+*Logical:* AND, OR, XOR, NOT, TEST
+*Shifts/Rotates:* SHL, SHR, SAR, ROL, ROR, RCL, RCR
+*Control Flow:* JMP, JE, JNE, JL, JG, LOOP, CALL, RET
+*String Operations:* MOVS, CMPS, SCAS, LODS, STOS
+*System:* INT, IRET, HLT, NOP
+
+Built following the [[https://www.computerenhance.com/p/table-of-contents][Performance Aware Programming]] course by Casey Muratori.
+
+** License
+
+This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.
+
+*Note:* Some test files are derived from the Performance Aware Programming course materials. Consider supporting the course if you find this project useful.

asm_files/list-0056.asm

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+; ========================================================================
+;
+; (C) Copyright 2023 by Molly Rocket, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
+;
+; This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+; warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+; arising from the use of this software.
+;
+; Please see https://computerenhance.com for further information
+;
+; ========================================================================
+
+; ========================================================================
+; LISTING 56
+; ========================================================================
+
+bits 16
+
+mov bx, 1000
+mov bp, 2000
+mov si, 3000
+mov di, 4000
+
+mov cx, bx
+mov dx, 12
+
+mov dx, [1000]
+
+mov cx, [bx]
+mov cx, [bp]
+mov [si], cx
+mov [di], cx 
+
+mov cx, [bx + 1000]
+mov cx, [bp + 1000]
+mov [si + 1000], cx 
+mov [di + 1000], cx
+
+add cx, dx
+add [di + 1000], cx
+add dx, 50

asm_files/list-0056.txt

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+**************
+**** 8086 ****
+**************
+
+WARNING: Clocks reported by this utility are strictly from the 8086 manual.
+They will be inaccurate, both because the manual clocks are estimates, and because
+some of the entries in the manual look highly suspicious and are probably typos.
+
+--- test\listing_0056_estimating_cycles execution ---
+mov bx, 1000 ; Clocks: +4 = 4 | bx:0x0->0x3e8 ip:0x0->0x3 
+mov bp, 2000 ; Clocks: +4 = 8 | bp:0x0->0x7d0 ip:0x3->0x6 
+mov si, 3000 ; Clocks: +4 = 12 | si:0x0->0xbb8 ip:0x6->0x9 
+mov di, 4000 ; Clocks: +4 = 16 | di:0x0->0xfa0 ip:0x9->0xc 
+mov cx, bx ; Clocks: +2 = 18 | cx:0x0->0x3e8 ip:0xc->0xe 
+mov dx, 12 ; Clocks: +4 = 22 | dx:0x0->0xc ip:0xe->0x11 
+mov dx, [+1000] ; Clocks: +14 = 36 (8 + 6ea) | dx:0xc->0x0 ip:0x11->0x15 
+mov cx, [bx] ; Clocks: +13 = 49 (8 + 5ea) | cx:0x3e8->0x0 ip:0x15->0x17 
+mov cx, [bp] ; Clocks: +13 = 62 (8 + 5ea) | ip:0x17->0x1a 
+mov word [si], cx ; Clocks: +14 = 76 (9 + 5ea) | ip:0x1a->0x1c 
+mov word [di], cx ; Clocks: +14 = 90 (9 + 5ea) | ip:0x1c->0x1e 
+mov cx, [bx+1000] ; Clocks: +17 = 107 (8 + 9ea) | ip:0x1e->0x22 
+mov cx, [bp+1000] ; Clocks: +17 = 124 (8 + 9ea) | ip:0x22->0x26 
+mov word [si+1000], cx ; Clocks: +18 = 142 (9 + 9ea) | ip:0x26->0x2a 
+mov word [di+1000], cx ; Clocks: +18 = 160 (9 + 9ea) | ip:0x2a->0x2e 
+add cx, dx ; Clocks: +3 = 163 | ip:0x2e->0x30 flags:->PZ 
+add word [di+1000], cx ; Clocks: +25 = 188 (16 + 9ea) | ip:0x30->0x34 
+add dx, 50 ; Clocks: +4 = 192 | dx:0x0->0x32 ip:0x34->0x37 flags:PZ-> 
+
+Final registers:
+      bx: 0x03e8 (1000)
+      dx: 0x0032 (50)
+      bp: 0x07d0 (2000)
+      si: 0x0bb8 (3000)
+      di: 0x0fa0 (4000)
+      ip: 0x0037 (55)
+
+
+**************
+**** 8088 ****
+**************
+
+WARNING: Clocks reported by this utility are strictly from the 8086 manual.
+They will be inaccurate, both because the manual clocks are estimates, and because
+some of the entries in the manual look highly suspicious and are probably typos.
+
+--- test\listing_0056_estimating_cycles execution ---
+mov bx, 1000 ; Clocks: +4 = 4 | bx:0x0->0x3e8 ip:0x0->0x3
+mov bp, 2000 ; Clocks: +4 = 8 | bp:0x0->0x7d0 ip:0x3->0x6
+mov si, 3000 ; Clocks: +4 = 12 | si:0x0->0xbb8 ip:0x6->0x9
+mov di, 4000 ; Clocks: +4 = 16 | di:0x0->0xfa0 ip:0x9->0xc
+mov cx, bx ; Clocks: +2 = 18 | cx:0x0->0x3e8 ip:0xc->0xe
+mov dx, 12 ; Clocks: +4 = 22 | dx:0x0->0xc ip:0xe->0x11
+mov dx, [+1000] ; Clocks: +18 = 40 (8 + 6ea + 4p) | dx:0xc->0x0 ip:0x11->0x15
+mov cx, [bx] ; Clocks: +17 = 57 (8 + 5ea + 4p) | cx:0x3e8->0x0 ip:0x15->0x17
+mov cx, [bp] ; Clocks: +17 = 74 (8 + 5ea + 4p) | ip:0x17->0x1a
+mov word [si], cx ; Clocks: +18 = 92 (9 + 5ea + 4p) | ip:0x1a->0x1c
+mov word [di], cx ; Clocks: +18 = 110 (9 + 5ea + 4p) | ip:0x1c->0x1e
+mov cx, [bx+1000] ; Clocks: +21 = 131 (8 + 9ea + 4p) | ip:0x1e->0x22
+mov cx, [bp+1000] ; Clocks: +21 = 152 (8 + 9ea + 4p) | ip:0x22->0x26
+mov word [si+1000], cx ; Clocks: +22 = 174 (9 + 9ea + 4p) | ip:0x26->0x2a
+mov word [di+1000], cx ; Clocks: +22 = 196 (9 + 9ea + 4p) | ip:0x2a->0x2e
+add cx, dx ; Clocks: +3 = 199 | ip:0x2e->0x30 flags:->PZ
+add word [di+1000], cx ; Clocks: +33 = 232 (16 + 9ea + 8p) | ip:0x30->0x34
+add dx, 50 ; Clocks: +4 = 236 | dx:0x0->0x32 ip:0x34->0x37 flags:PZ->
+
+Final registers:
+      bx: 0x03e8 (1000)
+      dx: 0x0032 (50)
+      bp: 0x07d0 (2000)
+      si: 0x0bb8 (3000)
+      di: 0x0fa0 (4000)
+      ip: 0x0037 (55)

asm_files/list-0057.asm

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+; ========================================================================
+;
+; (C) Copyright 2023 by Molly Rocket, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
+;
+; This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+; warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+; arising from the use of this software.
+;
+; Please see https://computerenhance.com for further information
+;
+; ========================================================================
+
+; ========================================================================
+; LISTING 57
+; ========================================================================
+
+bits 16
+
+mov bx, 1000
+mov bp, 2000
+mov si, 3000
+mov di, 4000
+
+mov cx, [bp + di]
+mov [bx + si], cx
+
+mov cx, [bp + si]
+mov [bx + di], cx
+
+mov cx, [bp + di + 1000]
+mov [bx + si + 1000], cx
+
+mov cx, [bp + si + 1000]
+mov [bx + di + 1000], cx
+
+add dx, [bp + si + 1000]
+
+add word [bp + si], 76
+
+add dx, [bp + si + 1001]
+add [di + 999], dx
+add word [bp + si], 75

asm_files/list-0057.txt

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+**************
+**** 8086 ****
+**************
+
+WARNING: Clocks reported by this utility are strictly from the 8086 manual.
+They will be inaccurate, both because the manual clocks are estimates, and because
+some of the entries in the manual look highly suspicious and are probably typos.
+
+--- test\listing_0057_challenge_cycles execution ---
+mov bx, 1000 ; Clocks: +4 = 4 | bx:0x0->0x3e8 ip:0x0->0x3 
+mov bp, 2000 ; Clocks: +4 = 8 | bp:0x0->0x7d0 ip:0x3->0x6 
+mov si, 3000 ; Clocks: +4 = 12 | si:0x0->0xbb8 ip:0x6->0x9 
+mov di, 4000 ; Clocks: +4 = 16 | di:0x0->0xfa0 ip:0x9->0xc 
+mov cx, [bp+di] ; Clocks: +15 = 31 (8 + 7ea) | ip:0xc->0xe 
+mov word [bx+si], cx ; Clocks: +16 = 47 (9 + 7ea) | ip:0xe->0x10 
+mov cx, [bp+si] ; Clocks: +16 = 63 (8 + 8ea) | ip:0x10->0x12 
+mov word [bx+di], cx ; Clocks: +17 = 80 (9 + 8ea) | ip:0x12->0x14 
+mov cx, [bp+di+1000] ; Clocks: +19 = 99 (8 + 11ea) | ip:0x14->0x18 
+mov word [bx+si+1000], cx ; Clocks: +20 = 119 (9 + 11ea) | ip:0x18->0x1c 
+mov cx, [bp+si+1000] ; Clocks: +20 = 139 (8 + 12ea) | ip:0x1c->0x20 
+mov word [bx+di+1000], cx ; Clocks: +21 = 160 (9 + 12ea) | ip:0x20->0x24 
+add dx, [bp+si+1000] ; Clocks: +21 = 181 (9 + 12ea) | ip:0x24->0x28 flags:->PZ 
+add word [bp+si], 76 ; Clocks: +25 = 206 (17 + 8ea) | ip:0x28->0x2b flags:PZ-> 
+add dx, [bp+si+1001] ; Clocks: +25 = 231 (9 + 12ea + 4p) | ip:0x2b->0x2f flags:->PZ 
+add word [di+999], dx ; Clocks: +33 = 264 (16 + 9ea + 8p) | ip:0x2f->0x33 flags:PZ->P 
+add word [bp+si], 75 ; Clocks: +25 = 289 (17 + 8ea) | ip:0x33->0x36 flags:P->A 
+
+Final registers:
+      bx: 0x03e8 (1000)
+      bp: 0x07d0 (2000)
+      si: 0x0bb8 (3000)
+      di: 0x0fa0 (4000)
+      ip: 0x0036 (54)
+   flags: A
+
+
+
+**************
+**** 8088 ****
+**************
+
+WARNING: Clocks reported by this utility are strictly from the 8086 manual.
+They will be inaccurate, both because the manual clocks are estimates, and because
+some of the entries in the manual look highly suspicious and are probably typos.
+
+--- test\listing_0057_challenge_cycles execution ---
+mov bx, 1000 ; Clocks: +4 = 4 | bx:0x0->0x3e8 ip:0x0->0x3
+mov bp, 2000 ; Clocks: +4 = 8 | bp:0x0->0x7d0 ip:0x3->0x6
+mov si, 3000 ; Clocks: +4 = 12 | si:0x0->0xbb8 ip:0x6->0x9
+mov di, 4000 ; Clocks: +4 = 16 | di:0x0->0xfa0 ip:0x9->0xc
+mov cx, [bp+di] ; Clocks: +19 = 35 (8 + 7ea + 4p) | ip:0xc->0xe
+mov word [bx+si], cx ; Clocks: +20 = 55 (9 + 7ea + 4p) | ip:0xe->0x10
+mov cx, [bp+si] ; Clocks: +20 = 75 (8 + 8ea + 4p) | ip:0x10->0x12
+mov word [bx+di], cx ; Clocks: +21 = 96 (9 + 8ea + 4p) | ip:0x12->0x14
+mov cx, [bp+di+1000] ; Clocks: +23 = 119 (8 + 11ea + 4p) | ip:0x14->0x18
+mov word [bx+si+1000], cx ; Clocks: +24 = 143 (9 + 11ea + 4p) | ip:0x18->0x1c
+mov cx, [bp+si+1000] ; Clocks: +24 = 167 (8 + 12ea + 4p) | ip:0x1c->0x20
+mov word [bx+di+1000], cx ; Clocks: +25 = 192 (9 + 12ea + 4p) | ip:0x20->0x24
+add dx, [bp+si+1000] ; Clocks: +25 = 217 (9 + 12ea + 4p) | ip:0x24->0x28 flags:->PZ
+add word [bp+si], 76 ; Clocks: +33 = 250 (17 + 8ea + 8p) | ip:0x28->0x2b flags:PZ->
+add dx, [bp+si+1001] ; Clocks: +25 = 275 (9 + 12ea + 4p) | ip:0x2b->0x2f flags:->PZ
+add word [di+999], dx ; Clocks: +33 = 308 (16 + 9ea + 8p) | ip:0x2f->0x33 flags:PZ->P
+add word [bp+si], 75 ; Clocks: +33 = 341 (17 + 8ea + 8p) | ip:0x33->0x36 flags:P->A
+
+Final registers:
+      bx: 0x03e8 (1000)
+      bp: 0x07d0 (2000)
+      si: 0x0bb8 (3000)
+      di: 0x0fa0 (4000)
+      ip: 0x0036 (54)
+   flags: A