Which module owns a name after a delivery, and the fact that a delivered
body is not thereby an installed one. Its own daemon over its own program:
a generation counter checked against a session four other cases have been
driving proves nothing about the counter.
screen-width and screen-height went from 1400x1000 to 900x600, and the first
colour changed. Those are defconsts the checker consumes to size rows and cols,
so the grid is a different shape and the hash over it is a different number.
Updated rather than reverted: the change is deliberate and the hash is a
regression test for the simulation being reproducible, not for it being any
particular size.
Checked the way the old number was: -2851001042534928384 on native and on
wasm32, byte for byte. A hash that moved on only one target would mean the
change had broken reproducibility rather than the grid, which is the thing this
case exists to catch.
From a mutation-testing pass: about sixty small, plausible changes to the
compiler and runtime, each applied, run and restored. Nineteen of them left the
whole suite green. The compiler was right in every case - what was missing was
anything that looked.
The two programs here close the severe cluster. cleanup.flan covers six claims:
an early return runs the defers registered above it, and runs them innermost
first; a defer that calls something, which is what puts a guard inside a defer
on the transfer path; a transfer out of a handler-bind pops its frames; a
two-clause handler-bind pops both; and a signal stops once a handler has
answered it by transferring. The numbers differ per failure, so a wrong answer
names its own cause rather than just being wrong.
signedness.flan covers the ashr/lshr and slt/ult choices. Either could have been
hardcoded to one arm and nothing would have noticed, because no program in the
corpus shifted a negative integer right or compared an unsigned value above
2^31 - where a signed compare answers the other way on every operator.
Each was verified able to fail, with the numbers the report predicted: hardcode
lshr and -4 becomes 9223372036854775804; drop the defers from the return path
and 21 becomes 0; reverse them and it becomes 12; let the signal walk continue
past a handler that transferred and the outer handler runs too.
The ones left open are recorded for the next pass: Reach's walk of index
expressions, addr places and restart clause bodies; the dev registry's
size-change guard; a local shadowing an imported name; and the 4K result cap,
which has no coverage at all rather than a missing assertion.
The transient marker said nothing outside the module points into it once the
call returns - true of its text, silent about its data. A string literal is
emitted into the evaluating module's own image and an expression may store one
anywhere: C-x C-e on (set msg "tuned") left a program global pointing into the
mapping the agent was about to drop. The next thunk can be mapped at the same
address, so what comes back is silent garbage rather than a fault, and nothing
in the compiler refused it.
The third condition is that the module emitted no string constants. Then there
is nothing in its image anyone could still be pointing at. One that did keeps
its mapping, which costs a page and is the bargain every redefinition already
makes.
Found by reading jank, which has met the neighbouring hazard from the other
side: its notes are explicit that nothing is ever unloaded, and the one place
Flan makes an exception is the one place the rule had a hole.
vendor/raylib has no C in it any more: shim.c is deleted and its 84 wrappers
are emitted from declare-c, which names the library's function in the library's
own signature. The reason the shim exists is unchanged - a small struct's
calling convention is a per-target classification and clang reproduces it for
free - but writing it by hand has stopped.
declare-c is a second form rather than a change to declare, because the two make
opposite claims about the same shape: (declare start-raw [path string] ...) says
the symbol takes ptr+len, and (declare-c init-window [... title string] ...)
says it takes a NUL-terminated char*. No structural rule separates them, so the
author says which.
The merge needed two fixes that neither lane could have found alone.
Load's uses-walker matches decl_kind exhaustively and did not know DeclareC, so
the reachability work and the generator did not compile together.
And the generated C is now emitted in parts keyed by the wrapper's own C symbol,
not as one translation unit. Reach.link drops the bindings nothing reachable
calls; a single TU holding every wrapper referenced every raylib symbol, so
sand-headless - which deliberately links no libraylib, and is the reason Reach
exists - failed at the link with undefined references to GetTime and its
neighbours. The first attempt keyed the parts by Flan name and broke the other
way, dropping a wrapper that was called: the flattened declaration is named
foo-c when a Flan wrapper is generated over it and foo when none is needed, so
the Flan name is not one thing. The wrapper's C symbol is what the declaration
binds in both branches.
Worth recording how close that came to passing: the acceptance suite died with
an exception rather than printing FAIL, so a grep for failures counted zero and
the suite looked green. Only the count of reporting suites - ten where there had
been eleven - showed it.
Two gaps in what was claimed. The first is prose: "the typedef follows the
defstruct" answers field order and field types but says nothing about
padding, which reads like the remaining hazard. It is not one. Every field
type the generator admits has the same layout under LLVM as under C, and
emit.ml writes no datalayout, so clang applies the target's own rules to
both halves; everything where they could diverge — an array, a slice, an
Option, a map, a union — is already refused at the field.
The second is real. The flattened declaration's name is invented by
appending -c, so a hand-written foo-c beside (declare-c foo ...) came out
as the checker complaining that a name not in the file was declared twice.
Refused now where it happens, naming both and saying to rename one.
M-x flan-dev builds, launches and connects in one command, so a terminal is no
longer part of the loop. It waits for a connection rather than for the socket
file: the daemon unlinks a stale socket before binding, so waiting on the file
either succeeds against nothing or races the unlink. A daemon that dies before
binding - a program that does not compile, which is the failure people will
actually hit - pops its buffer and refuses by name, because the compiler's
reason lives only there.
flan-dev-restart-program is elisp rather than a daemon op, and that is a design
answer rather than a shortcut: a session's struct layouts describe a process
only if that session compiled it, so restart the program, keep the session is
not a coherent thing to offer. It waits the old daemon out before starting the
new one, or the old one's exit unlinks its successor's socket.
Quit says the program may have outlived the daemon when it has to kill rather
than close, instead of reporting success - a killed daemon never runs the
cleanup that signals its child.
The restart test proves itself by what it discards: a name installed into the
old program is absent from the new one. Both quit and restart were verified
able to fail by mutating the client.
Two places now show that Tast.global and Tast.extern carry no Loc - M-. refuses,
and the doc buffer says the daemon reports no location - which is the same gap
recorded twice rather than papered over.
Every refusal is by name with the reason, so the tests assert on the
reasons and weakening one to a bare "cannot" breaks them: a slice, an
Option, a union, a fixed array, a map, a returned string, a callback, an
unknown type, a struct field C cannot hold, and two Flan names for one C
symbol.
The rest is text about text, which is the honest scope: what a wrapper
does is settled by clang, and what is worth checking in OCaml is the
shape of what clang is handed. Two cases assert the typedef's field
order against a defstruct and against the same defstruct permuted,
because only the pair rules out a generator that sorts — and sorting is
exactly the mutation the raylib cases cannot see, since every raylib
struct is fields of one size and a rename changes no offset.
What the raylib cases do see is a permuted defstruct, and that was run:
Rectangle width/height, Vector2 x/y, Image width/height, Image with data
moved last, Texture2D id/format, Color r/a and Camera2D offset/target
all go red. Texture2D width/mipmaps stays green, which is what NEXT.md
already says headless cannot pin — the one green is the control, not a
gap.
Clojure's backtick, tilde and tilde-at rather than Common Lisp's comma forms:
is_delimiter already treats a comma as whitespace and every binding vector in
the corpus assumes it, so freeing the comma would rewrite more of the language
than macros are worth. They read as (quasiquote x), (unquote x) and
(unquote-splicing x), the way 'x already reads as (quote x) - the reader stays
dumb and the meaning is resolved later.
The backtick previously read as an ordinary symbol character, which is exactly
the failure the reader's own header warns about for the apostrophe. Both sigils
are delimiters now, so a~b is two things and can never be one name.
defmacro validates its shape before refusing, because a malformed one and a
well-formed one are different mistakes and deserve different sentences. The
three new reader names are refused by name too, or they would fall through to
Call and come back as unknown name quasiquote. unquote outside a quasiquote is
refused as a mistake rather than as a milestone, since the reader cannot know
where it is.
Nothing is stored: no Ast.Defmacro and no macro table. A new decl variant would
have forced edits to four files other agents hold this session, and a
process-global registry spanning the prelude parse, the package parses and
hundreds of test snippets would make results order-dependent. The storage shape
is the expander author's first decision anyway.
The design note records what the expander needs, and the blocker worth knowing:
a macro is [Form] -> Form, so Form has to be a Flan union whose layout the
compiler and the loaded macro agree on exactly, and union values are milestone
6.
Found by a read-only audit of emit.ml's failwith sites, each of which is a claim
that the checker guarantees something. Three of those claims were false, and
every one failed in the shape NEXT.md calls the worst available: type checks,
then dies with no source location.
An enum comparison is lowered now rather than refused. Types.is_comparable
already admits an enum, so the checker was stating an intent the backend never
honoured - (= k :a) is the first thing anyone writes with an enum, and it raised
Failure("comparison on K"). An enum is an i32 at run time, so all six
operators are an icmp. Signed, because (defenum K [a -1]) is accepted and an
unsigned compare would call -1 the largest member.
A union in a type position is refused instead. Constructing a union value and
reading a field of one were already refused, so nothing could ever be done with
such a value - only the declaration got through, and it reached clang as a
reference to an undefined %"U", which is a link error naming an emitted symbol
with the source location long gone.
A function type annotation is refused too. The function *value* was refused
where it is written; the annotation was refused nowhere, so (defn f [g (Fn []
i32)]) died with "no layout for". It now sits beside the Map line directly
above it, which is the same shape of not-yet.
The audit also found the sentence that covered the last two: NEXT.md and
check.ml's header both claim unions and function values are rejected by name.
That is true of values and false of types, which is exactly the gap the two
findings lived in.
Every sigil in the corpus test sat in leading position, where read_form
handles it before is_delimiter is ever consulted — so reverting the
is_delimiter line alone left every case green. a`b now has the case a~b
already had, and the corpus carries both, which is what makes the class
guard cover the delimiter change rather than only the read branches.
The handoff note hedged on the one thing it exists to decide: expansion
runs over Form before Parse, not over Ast. There is no Ast.Defmacro, so
an Ast pass would have nothing to read. Says milestone 6 for union
values because that is the number check.ml itself gives.
The daemon owns the program's lifetime, so the terminal it was started in
was also the only place that program could be stopped from. M-x flan-dev
builds, launches and connects; M-x flan-dev-quit ends it.
It waits for a connection rather than for the socket file to appear: the
daemon unlinks a stale socket before binding, so waiting on the file either
succeeds instantly against nothing or races the unlink. And when the daemon
dies before binding — which for a program that does not compile is the
ordinary failure — the refusal names its buffer, because that is where the
compiler's reason is and nothing this end sees says it.
(defmacro m [x] x) answered "unknown top-level form (defmacro ...)" —
refused, but not by name and with no reason, because the refusal list
only covered expressions. Now it checks the shape and then refuses,
which are two different mistakes and get two different reasons: a
defmacro with no body is a typo, a defmacro with a body is a feature
that is not here.
The reader's new sigils made this urgent rather than tidy. quasiquote,
unquote and unquote-splicing are now real heads arriving at the parser,
and without a case each they would fall through to Call and come back
from the checker as "unknown name quasiquote" — which tells you nothing
about what is missing. unquote and unquote-splicing are refused as
mistakes rather than as milestones: they mean nothing outside a
quasiquote and the reader cannot notice, because it does not track
where it is.
gensym is neither a reader token nor a special form — it is a function a
macro body calls while the macro runs, and there is nowhere for it to
run. Refused by name so it does not arrive as an unknown one.
package_of matched the file being edited against a package's directory, which
is right for every package that is one — and answers "not a package" for one
that is a single file, because the file's directory is not the file. A form
typed into sand.flan with the headless driver running would have spliced as a
bare step, the evaluation would have said ok, and the program would have gone
on calling the step it already had. That is the exact silent failure the
function exists to prevent, so it now matches the file too.
`(a b) came back as the unknown name "`" — precisely the failure the
reader's own header warns about for the apostrophe, one sigil over and
still open. Same fix: the sigil reads as a wrapper and the reader stays
dumb about what it means.
Clojure's ` ~ ~@ rather than Common Lisp's ` , ,@ because a comma is
already whitespace here, and every binding vector in the corpus is
written assuming that. Changing is_delim to free up the comma would
rewrite more of the language than macros are worth.
Backtick and tilde join is_delimiter so that a~b is two things and can
never be one name. No symbol in the corpus contains either character, so
closing the class costs nothing now and would cost a migration later.
The simulation was in a package of its own for one reason: importing raylib
linked libraylib on every target, so the headless run could not name the
package the interactive one needs. That reason is gone, and the split was
never anything else — the physics is the same code either way.
So sim.flan is back inside sand.flan, and test/programs/sand-headless.flan
imports sand.flan itself: window, raylib bindings, dev agent and all. It builds
for wasm32 anyway. Nothing it calls reaches raylib, so no shim is compiled, no
-lraylib is passed, and the front-end's functions are never emitted; sand.flan's
main is not exported, so the only main is the headless one. The hash is
unchanged on both targets at both optimisation levels, which is the point —
a refactor that moved the number would have moved the simulation.
The new cases cover what made it possible rather than only the result: a
package nothing calls into, native and wasm32; raylib reached both directly and
through sand.flan and read once; and the three refusals — sand/main, one
directory under two aliases, and two mains.
test_session's package-qualification case moves to vendor/agent, which is now
the package in the tree with a defn in it.
vendor/edn rather than the prelude: the prelude is prepended to every program
and everything in it is emitted, so a reader nobody imports would be a cost
every build pays.
The tokenizer only. A type-directed reader - the compiler emitting a parser
from a walk over a struct's fields, the dual of the printer C-x C-e already has
- lands in check.ml and emit.ml and is not this. What a caller writes today is
a struct reader by hand against the cursor, and the acceptance program carries
one, because that is what proves the API is usable rather than present.
Every token is a slice into the source, so nothing allocates and the buffer has
to outlive the tokens. That contract is stated at the top of the package,
because it is the kind of thing found the hard way.
Escaped strings are refused rather than half-supported: unescaping needs a copy
and there is nowhere to put one, and handing back the raw bytes would return a
three-byte string as four with a backslash in it. Each other refusal carries its
own sentence - #inst and #uuid separately from tagged literals, because a file
is most likely to contain those two and being told tagged literals are refused
would not say that the timestamp is the thing to delete.
Errors live on the cursor, a code and a byte offset, not in the return type: an
Option loses the position, which is the whole point for an editor. A failed
cursor is poisoned so a caller's loop terminates on a malformed file rather than
spinning.
# Conflicts:
# test/test_acceptance.ml
err-too-deep was the one error code nothing observed. The message is the least
of it: the plausible wrong version is `>` where the guard wants `>=`, which
writes one element past a [32 i32] and traps at exit 134 rather than answering
anything. 33 opening brackets is the input that separates them, and it is the
whole justification for a fixed array instead of a growable stack — the place
this lane pushes hardest against having no allocator.
`.5` reads as a float here and does not in EDN, where a number must start with
a digit and `.` is a legal symbol-start byte. That makes it a reinterpretation
of a token that is already legal as something else, which is exactly what the
house rule says to name rather than leave to be discovered, so it is written
beside the refusals.
Also: every symbol in the table was lowercase, so the A-Z half of alpha? was
unexercised and a version missing it passed. Enemy/Goblin in an existing dump
rather than a new case. And a line under "Internal helpers" saying the heading
is intent and not enforcement — a package has no visibility, so edn/scan-atom
is as callable as edn/next, the same way rl/get-color-raw is.
Both new cases verified by mutation: the depth guard traps, and alpha? without
its uppercase range fails Enemy/Goblin.
A package handed over its .c files and its `link` arguments the moment it was
imported, whatever the importing program did with it. That is what made sand's
two halves two files: anything naming vendor:raylib linked libraylib on every
target, and on wasm32 that link cannot succeed, so the headless run could not
so much as mention the package the interactive one needs.
Reach.link answers it from the checked program instead. Start at main and at
the globals that run before it, follow every call — including the Handled
frames, where a lifted handler clause is reached by address and by nothing
else — and keep what is reached. A package none of whose externs survive
contributes no C and no linker argument.
Dropping the flags alone would only move the failure: the bodies that called
into raylib would still be emitted, and wasm-ld would fail on the symbols
rather than on the argument. So the same walk prunes the functions and externs
too. Only those — globals, structs and unions stay, because an unreferenced
global is bytes in BSS and a dropped one is a silently different program.
Dev builds keep everything. What a REPL may redefine next is not a function of
what has been called so far.
read-enemy in test/programs/edn.flan is the worked example the API is for: the
map opened, the keys looped over, each known one dispatched onto its field and
the rest skipped, written by hand because the compiler cannot emit it yet. It
is there rather than in a doc comment because an API only a compiler could
call would be present without being usable, and writing one out is the only
way to find out which it is. Two things came back from writing it — that
float-of has to accept an integer token, since a config file writing `:speed 2`
for an f32 field is not making a mistake, and that a caller needs `fail` on the
cursor, because a reader's own "expected an integer here" has nowhere else to
get a position from.
The expected output is a raw literal. The dump is brackets and quotes end to
end, and escaping it into an ordinary OCaml string would put a second reader
between the test and what the program printed.
Every case was checked by breaking the tokenizer and watching it go red;
sixteen of them, each restored afterwards. The ones worth naming, because they
are the ones that could have been quietly unobservable: dropping the escape
refusal, accepting `#{`, and collapsing every refusal onto one message — that
last is the shape where a table asserting only "it failed" stays green while
observing nothing. Also: a semicolon no longer ending an atom, a comment scan
that does not test for end of input (which traps rather than differing, on the
comment with no trailing newline), the ratio rule widened to any atom
containing a slash (which takes foo/bar with it), text slices left including
the quote and the colon, a closer counted but not matched, any byte accepted as
a symbol start, a comma not counted as whitespace, and skip-value consuming one
token instead of a whole collection.
An import reads the directory at build time, so a package that dune has not
copied under the test's build dir does not resolve — and the failure is a
missing collection, not a missing file, which reads like a bug in Load.
The wasi-sdk candidate had an LLVM version in it, which moves release to
release — so the path advertised as the proper article would have matched only
by coincidence, while the emscripten one beside it was derived. Both are
derived now.
calc-me on wasm32 covers what the other three cases cannot: flan_argv hands
Flan an array of flan_slice built in C, so what it pins is the element stride
of a ptr+len pair — 16 bytes native, 12 on wasm32 — rather than a field
offset. It is also the claim in this file's own header, that the table runs on
the second target, honoured for the first time.
flan emit refuses --target rather than stripping it. The IR really is
target-free, so ignoring it is correct and silence about it is not.
Image first and deliberately: it is CPU-side, so it is the only large piece of
raylib that can be asserted headlessly rather than looked at. gen-image-color,
the pixel reads, both flips, a PNG round trip through export and load, and the
resize and crop dimensions and contents are all in the table at -O2 and -O0.
The shapes, text and timing calls are observed only, by running sand under Xvfb
and looking, and the program and NEXT.md both say which is which.
Five permutations were run red and restored: Image's width against height and
mipmaps against format, GetImageColor's two indices, the two flip wrappers
bound to each other, and the crop rectangle's width against height. The third
of those also broke the export and load lines, which is what makes the PNG
round trip verified rather than merely plausible.
Two corrections to the brief it was given. MeasureText is not headless material
- it measures with the default font, which only InitWindow loads, and a C probe
returns 0 - and the same is true of the frame-time and screen-size calls. And
the raylib.h on this machine is 5.1-dev while the linked library is 5.5, so
every signature was checked against nm -D instead: IsImageValid rather than
IsImageReady, and DrawRectangleRoundedLines takes no thickness.
Font loading is refused by name. A Font carries a Texture2D, a Rectangle* and a
GlyphInfo*, and a GlyphInfo carries an Image - two more aggregates and two owned
arrays, for something with no headless test.
f32 only, and each refusal by name: clamp and abs stay compositions of the
min/max builtins, split-at wants a pair type there is no way to spell, and the
f64 and other-element-type copies wait for a program that wants them.
-lm goes on every link, after the objects. The default --as-needed drops a
library named before the object that wants it, and at -O2 LLVM folds most sqrtf
calls into the hardware instruction so nothing has to resolve - which makes the
flag look unnecessary until the -O0 build emits the call and fails to link. That
is how it was found, on the -O0 acceptance run.
sqrt is libm's rather than Newton's, because there is no bit cast between f32
and u32 to seed a guess from, and IEEE-754 makes sqrt correctly rounded so
libm is bit-identical across targets anyway. llvm.sqrt.f32 as a builtin would be
better still - one instruction, no symbol, no link flag - and belongs to
whoever next touches check.ml.
The finding worth keeping is a test that came back green when it should have
been red: nothing in the table could observe floor's zero guard, because
(ceil-f32 0.0) is +0.0 either way. (floor-f32 -0.0) is the only case where it
shows, and the prelude comment had claimed the wrong justification for it.
sand-headless imports no raylib so that it can run here, and the point of the
case is not that a module exists — it is that the number matches native byte
for byte, which is only possible because rand-f32 is Flan's rather than libc's.
It does, at -O2 and at -O0; -O0 is the cheap way to say the agreement is not a
coincidence of how LLVM folded the float arithmetic. values and machine run
there too, which is where a 32-bit pointer would have shown.
Four separate things can be missing — clang's wasm target, the sysroot, the
builtins, a WASI runtime — so the skip is a probe rather than a lookup: build
the smallest program and run it, and print what went wrong. A which(1) would go
red on the machine where Node is too old, with a reason nobody could read.
No wasmtime and no wasmer here, so the runner is node:wasi, with wasmtime and
wasmer preferred if either appears. --no-warnings because node:wasi writes to
stderr on every run and this harness compares combined output.
floor, ceil and round over f32, which is what a position and a tile coordinate
are here. The only rounding mode available is the cast's truncation toward
zero, so each of these is that cast plus the correction the mode does not
make, and the content is which inputs make the cast itself undefined. NaN
fails every comparison, so it needs its own (not (= x x)) and nothing else
finds it; the infinities fall out of the magnitude test; and above 2^23 an f32
has no fractional bits left, which makes returning the input there the exact
answer and also the guard that keeps the cast inside i32.
round is half away from zero, written as floor of the magnitude and mirrored.
The obvious (floor-f32 (+ x 0.5)) is wrong twice: half-up rather than
half-away, so -2.5 comes out -2, and at the largest f32 below 0.5 the addition
alone rounds to 1.0 and answers 1 for a number under a half. Both are in the
table, which is why every case there is a negative or a half.
sqrt is the decision in this commit and it goes out to libm, which is a change
to the release link and so is said out loud. Every other number in the prelude
is reachable from the four operations and a cast; a square root is not.
Newton's method needs a starting guess, the good guess comes from
reinterpreting the exponent bits, and the language has only value-preserving
casts - no bit-cast between f32 and u32. Without one the iteration needs a
scaling loop to normalise and still produces a result that is merely close,
which is the one thing a standard library must not hand back. IEEE-754 makes
sqrt correctly rounded, so libm's answer is the same bit pattern on native and
on wasm32; for this function the byte-identical argument points at C rather
than away from it.
The cost is -lm on every link, and its placement matters. It goes after the
objects, not in the leading flags, because --as-needed drops a library named
before the object that wants it. Worse, at -O2 LLVM folds most sqrtf calls
into the hardware instruction and the symbol never has to resolve - so this
looked linked before the flag existed and failed only at -O0, which is exactly
why the table runs both. Untested against --target=wasm32: wasi-libc ships
libm.a as a stub because the symbols live in libc, so it should be inert
there, but nothing here exercises it.
The better fix is not in this lane. llvm.sqrt.f32 as a builtin in check.ml and
emit.ml is one instruction, no symbol and no flag, and it belongs to whoever
owns the compiler.
Every check of `abort' so far was of it being refused while the program runs.
The accepted path -- the one that ends a program -- was code that had never
run and answered `ok'. So the break block breaks its program once more, by
installing a `step' that errors into the loop that calls it, and takes the
exit: the daemon owns the program's lifetime, so no `close' is sent and the
daemon coming down on its own is the assertion.
And `restart' refuses a name with a control character in it. The agent's
contract is one line per request; a newline in a name is a second request
smuggled into the first. `completing-read' with require-match cannot produce
one, but the guarantee belongs to the end holding the socket, and an editor
is not the only thing that can speak to it.
Finishing the text family the previous lane started. All three are over [u8]
and none of them allocates, which is what decides their shapes.
trim answers a slice of its input. That is the only shape available without an
allocator, and it is also the better one: there is no new storage, only a
narrower view of the caller's, so the result dies with its owner and trimming
modifies nothing. Both loops test (< lo hi), because an all-whitespace input
otherwise walks lo past hi and (slice s lo hi) traps on a reversed range - the
same trap the bounds table already asserts on. That input is in the case list.
index-of-bytes is naive and stays naive. Boyer-Moore wants a skip table sized
by the needle, which is an array, which is an allocation. The empty needle
answers Some 0 so that index-of-bytes and starts-with? agree on every needle,
and the length test returns before the loop so a needle longer than the
haystack cannot build a window off the end.
parse-f64 splits the work where the two halves actually differ: the grammar is
Flan's and the rounding is libc's. parse-i64 is entirely Flan because strtoll's
answers are wrong for a caller - 0 for "", 0 for "abc", 12 for "12x" - and not
because decimal-to-binary conversion is suspect. Reimplementing correctly
rounded conversion is a different and much larger problem than rejecting junk,
and IEEE-754 already guarantees strtod gives the same bits everywhere. So this
validates the whole slice and only a slice that is entirely a number reaches
bytes->f64. Every refusal in the table - "", "abc", "1x", ".", "1e", " 1",
"1 ", "0x10", "nan" - is a plausible number out of strtod.
Two caveats, both written into the source rather than discovered later. The
locale worry that keeps parse-i64 in Flan does apply to strtod's decimal point,
and is moot only because nothing in the runtime calls setlocale; if that stops
being true this is what breaks. And the length is capped at 511 because
flan_bytes_to_f64 truncates there - a validator that approved 600 digits would
be approving a different number than the one strtod reads.
digit? and space? exist because parse-f64 and trim need them, and calc-me loses
its own byte-identical digit?. One top-level namespace makes the second
definition an error rather than a shadow, which is the rule doing its job: two
copies that later drift apart is exactly what it prevents.
The break loop was reachable from a raw socket. This is the half that makes
it reachable from an editor, and it all follows from one fact: a program
stops at a moment nobody asked about.
So the state is learned twice, on purpose. It rides on every reply, beside
the program's output and for the same reason -- the likeliest instant for a
program to stop is the one just after an evaluation, which is a reply the
client is already reading, and learning it a second later from a poll would
mean learning it after the echo area had said the evaluation was fine. And a
timer asks anyway, once a second with `describe', because a program that
stops in a frame of its own game loop produces no reply at all and folding
state into replies that never come says nothing. The timer never reconnects
-- that would quietly erase the `lost' state that exists to be seen -- and
skips while a request is in flight, since accept-process-output runs timers
and a poll firing inside a read would eat that read's reply.
Three ops: `break' for the restart names, `restart' and `abort'. The
annotation owns :stopped and :condition rather than the ops, so one place in
the daemon decides whether the program is stopped and the poll and the prompt
cannot disagree. "ok" from `restart' means accepted, not resumed: the choice
is validated against the stopped stack and taken when that thread next comes
round, so it says so and the client clears its own flag rather than polling
once, finding it stopped, and re-opening the prompt it just answered.
The agent grew one verb, `status', answered in both states. Everything else
the break loop offers is refused while running, rightly; but the question an
editor asks without already knowing had to have an answer either way or there
would be nothing to poll.
And flan_agent_poll had to become re-entrant, which was a bug rather than an
addition. A C-x C-e thunk may itself error, and the break loop that catches
it polls again from inside that call. The old loop cached both indices and
stored tail at the end, rewinding over everything the nested poll consumed --
re-running the thunk that had just stopped the program, which is an unbounded
recursion of breaks. Each job is now claimed before it is run. test_dev.ml
evaluates an expression that errors and resumes it, which fails against the
old shape.
Every other struct in the package is handed to raylib and handed back, and
that proves nothing: store-and-return is symmetric, so C writes and reads the
same wrong slots for any field order. An Image is different. raylib computes
with it, and two computations answer differently per axis.
gen-image-color takes two scalars and returns a struct reading 4, 2, 1, 7 —
four distinct values in four adjacent i32 slots, with no input struct for a
permutation to cancel against. Texture2D never got that: nothing without a GPU
reads its width, height or mipmaps at all.
And get-image-color indexes y*width + x, so on a 4-wide, 2-tall image (3,0)
exists and its transpose does not. That is the axis discriminator the
collision family could not be — exchange x and y in the wrapper and the read
goes out of bounds. The two flips say it twice more: on two rows, one moves a
mark the other leaves alone.
The PNG round trip is not the symmetric trap either. stb's encoder and decoder
are external ground truth; they agree with each other, not with whatever field
order Flan believes in.
Verified to fail, each restored after: width against height, mipmaps against
format, x against y in the shim, the two flips bound to each other, and the
crop rectangle's width against its height.
Six of them were bound, linked, and had never been called by anything. That is
the state a wrong argument order survives indefinitely: the link succeeds, the
program runs, and the answer is nonsense that nobody has looked at. An audit for
wrappers with no caller is worth doing after any binding lane.
All six turned out to be correct, which is worth recording either way - the
point of the audit is not that it finds bugs but that it converts "probably
fine" into "called, and the answer checked".
Each has a case that must come out the other way, because a predicate that
always said yes would pass a single one.
The one that earns the most is the polygon, the only binding here that crosses a
slice, so the only place ptr+len has to arrive as raylib's pointer and count.
Everything else about it would pass with a hardcoded count or with the pointer
alone; the same point against the same array with three corners instead of four
is what pins the length. Verified by hardcoding the count in the shim and
watching it go the wrong way.
Finishing the 2D lane's unfinished work: the collision family was written and
had no tests when the session ended. It is the best material a headless table
gets, since every one of these is pure and needs no GL context.
Two plausible tests in a row turned out to check nothing, and that is the part
worth keeping. A struct round trip is symmetric and passes for any field order -
the texture lane found that one. The second is subtler: no axis-aligned geometry
can pin Vector2's fields, because exchanging x and y is a reflection that is
applied on the way in and undone on the way out. Swapping the shim's own typedef
leaves every collision case passing. Distances never even see it.
What does pin Vector2 is the rotated camera, because a rotation is not
axis-aligned and does not commute with the reflection. That case is load-bearing
and the comment now says so, because the collision cases look like they cover
the same ground and do not.
What the new cases do pin is Rectangle, completely: swapping width and height
turns three of the four predicates the wrong way. Verified by doing it.
collision-lines answers (Option Vector2) rather than a bool and an
out-parameter, because raylib leaves the out-parameter untouched when the
segments do not meet and a caller who forgets reads whatever was there.
GetScreenToWorld2D computes from every field of a Camera2D - offset, target,
rotation and zoom - so a wrong field order produces a wrong coordinate rather
than the same numbers back. That is the standard the texture lane arrived at
the hard way: a struct round trip is symmetric and passes for any layout.
The standard library's first real content beyond printers. Everything is
in-place over a slice, because there is no allocator and nowhere to put a copy
- and a slice aliases its owner's storage, so sorting one sorts the original.
No generics means no single sort. Each is spelled per concrete type, which is a
cost paid deliberately rather than worked around.
parse-i64 is written in Flan rather than bound to strtoll, which answers 0 for
an empty string, for a string of letters, and for a genuine zero, and reports
overflow through errno.
bytes->i64 is strtoll behind a primitive, and strtoll returns 0 for "", for
"abc", for a lone "-", and for the "12" in "12x". None of those is
distinguishable from a real 0, so any program that parses input it did not
write is already wrong and has no way to find out. parse-i64 takes the whole
slice or refuses it and says so with None. It is also the version that answers
the same on wasm32: strtoll is libc's and locale-sensitive, which is the same
argument that put the PRNG in the prelude rather than leaving it to rand().
The byte predicates are over [u8] rather than over string on purpose. (bytes s)
is one call at the call site, and in exchange one copy of each function serves
strings and byte slices both — which is as near a generic as this gets. Each
tests its length before it slices, and `and` short-circuits, so a prefix longer
than the subject answers false instead of tripping the slice bounds check.
sign-f32 and lerp are the only two numeric helpers here, because they are the
only two that decide something. clamp is (min hi (max lo x)) and abs is
(max x (- 0 x)) over builtins that already exist — a prelude wrapper is a
function emitted into every program to save a caller nothing. sign-f32 answers
0.0 for NaN, which is a choice and is written down. lerp is the weighted sum
and not a + t*(b - a): the latter does not land on b exactly at t = 1.0, and a
position that never quite arrives is what interpolation gets bug reports for.
floor, ceil and round are deliberately absent. (f32 (i32 x)) is fptosi, which
is poison out of range, and shipping that as a documented limitation is the
same class of bug NEXT.md already records twice under Sharp edges. Correct
lowering is llvm.floor.f32 in emit.ml, which is not this lane. sqrt is absent
for a different reason: it is an extern to libm, and what libm means on wasm32
is a decision the FFI owns, not the prelude.
rand-i32-range answers lo for an empty or reversed range rather than dividing
by zero, which is immediate undefined behaviour and not merely a wrong number.
Both range functions draw exactly one rand-u32 and neither changes it, so the
sand hash still pins the generator; the new test pins the derivations off a
fixed seed, which nothing else would have caught.
GetScreenToWorld2D and GetWorldToScreen2D are pure arithmetic over every
field of a Camera2D, so they run with no window at all — the best headless
material the package has had. Both directions are asserted as absolute
answers rather than as a round trip, because an inverse cancels a permuted
layout exactly the way store-and-return does.
The rotated case earns its awkwardness: exchanging x and y in Vector2
mirrors every component-wise formula and the answer comes back mirrored
too, so nothing until now could tell the two floats apart. A rotation mixes
them. It reports ok/bad against a tolerance because 90 degrees goes through
sinf and the answer is 27.9999981, and the table compares stdout byte for
byte at -O0 and -O2.
A sequence library normally returns new sequences. There is no allocator, so
every one of these mutates the storage it was handed and a slice is the handle
that makes that useful: (slice grid 4 9) is ptr+len into grid, so sorting it
sorts those five elements and leaves the rest of grid alone. The test asserts
exactly that — it sorts a subslice and prints the whole owning array — because
it is the property that would die silently the day a slice parameter started
being copied rather than passed by value, and -O2's mem2reg would hide it.
Insertion sort rather than anything faster. Quicksort wants a stack and
mergesort wants a buffer, and neither exists; insertion sort needs a swap and
two indices. It is also the only one of the three whose inner loop is short
enough to read, which matters more than the asymptotics on the slice sizes a
frame loop actually sorts. The `and` guarding it short-circuits, and that is
load-bearing: at j = 0 the left test fails and (at s -1) is never evaluated,
so the bounds check never fires.
Over [i32] and nothing else. There are no generics, so a second element type
is a second copy of all seven functions emitted into every program that links
the prelude, and i32 is the type indices, ids and tile values already have.
An f32 set waits for a program that wants one.
min-i32 and max-i32 return (Option i32) rather than a sentinel because there
is no i32 that means "the slice was empty" and is not also a possible element.
sum-i32 accumulates in i64 and widens each element explicitly — there is no
implicit widening anywhere, and an i32 total over a screenful of i32 is how a
sum wraps without anyone noticing.
spec-conditions.md §2, and the reason the transfer was worth building. An
unhandled error runs a hook instead of rt_die(), on the frame that erred with
nothing unwound, lists the restarts between there and the top, and waits.
A hook rather than a direct call because the loop lives in vendor/agent, which
is an optional package, and flan_rt.c is the release runtime - a program with no
agent leaves it null and dies the way it always did. The hook resumes by writing
a restart into the transfer channel, which is the channel an invoke-restart
writes and reaches the same guard, so choosing from the break loop and choosing
from a handler are one act lowered once. §6 needed no change.
The break loop is the poll loop, run from the error rather than from the frame
boundary. That is load-bearing: an expression evaluated while stopped is a
module the listener queues and the game thread runs, so a loop that did not
drain that queue would hang C-x C-e exactly when it is wanted most. Installing
while stopped is allowed, which contradicts the rule that a redefined function
must not be swapped while it is on the stack - that rule is about mid-frame
consistency and there is no frame in progress here. The old body keeps running
and a retry reaches the new one through the cell, which is the whole point.
A restart frame carries its name now, beside the hash. Matching never needs it;
showing someone their choices does, and nothing at run time can turn a hash back
into a name.
A choice is checked on the listener thread against a stack the stopped game
thread is holding still. Answering ok and finding out on the game thread that
nothing offers that name would report success for something that cannot happen.
The test errors twice and takes a different restart each time, so a loop that
always resumed the same way fails it.
Eleven bindings: the two structs raylib needs for them, load/valid?/unload, four
draw forms, and the shapes-texture and collision-rectangle calls. IsTextureReady
does not exist in raylib 5.5 - it was renamed - so IsTextureValid is what is
bound; the old name would have been a link error.
The test is the point. The obvious one - hand raylib a Texture2D, read it back,
compare - passes for any layout, because store-and-return is symmetric and C
writes and reads the same wrong slots. Permuting two fields in the defstruct
produced identical output. What replaced it makes raylib compute something from
the fields: GetCollisionRec pins Rectangle completely, four numbers from four
different field pairs, and SetShapesTexture's default substitution pins the id
against the rest of Texture2D. Each was verified by permuting fields and
watching the test fail.
The limit is stated where someone will find it: width, height and mipmaps are
not pinned against each other, because nothing raylib computes without a GL
context reads them. A width/height swap shows only as a visibly wrong sprite.
That half is verified by running sand under Xvfb and looking, which is recorded
as manual and not asserted anywhere.
Every other program in the table is run twice for the reason stated next to
them: at -O2 mem2reg launders a sloppy alloca, so -O0 is what tests the IR
actually emitted. The raylib case had been the exception, and it is the worst
one to exempt — five of its calls hand C the address of a local struct, which
is exactly the alloca that comment is about.
It passes as it stands. That is the point: the case that only ever ran
optimised was a coincidence away from hiding something.
All three want the same three facts about a name — what it is, what it looks
like, and where it was written — so the daemon answers all three in one
`defs` reply and the client keeps the last one.
`defs` is its own op rather than more fields on `describe`. `describe` is what
an editor *polls*: it is how the program's output gets drained, and the
existing tests ask it in loops. Signatures riding on that would be paid for
every time anyone glanced at the output buffer. This is asked once on connect
and again after each accepted install, which is exactly when the answer can
have changed — so a `defn` typed a second ago completes.
It is a cache rather than a request per keystroke because of where these are
called from: eldoc fires on an idle timer and completion inside redisplay, and
neither may block on a socket or signal.
Three refusals rather than three guesses. A global has no location because
`Tast.global` carries no `Loc`, and searching the buffer for "(defvar ticks"
instead would find the wrong one in a program of several files. The prelude is
a string inside the compiler, so its location names a file nobody can visit. A
short name that could be several of the program's package-qualified ones is
ambiguous, and picking would be a guess about which function you meant — a
name that is the tail of exactly *one* is not a guess, and resolves.
Functions the checker invented — a lifted handler-bind clause, which carries
an `fparent` — are left out entirely: nobody wrote that name, so completing it
is noise and jumping to it is meaningless.
And the daemon now makes its own source path absolute before building, because
every location it reports derives from it. `flan dev src/game.flan` from a
project root answered `src/game.flan:12:7`, which an editor can only resolve by
guessing what it was relative to.
lib/dev.ml is the only compiler file touched: a `defs` op, its three list
builders, and the one `realpath` in `start`. Nothing existing changed shape —
`describe`, `eval` and `eval-expr` answer byte for byte what they did.
Texture2D and Rectangle are the two structs the texture calls need, and they
are the ones whose layout can be silently wrong: five 4-byte fields in a row,
and four floats in a row, so a permutation still reads as plausible numbers
everywhere.
The obvious test — hand raylib a struct, read it back, compare — is worthless
here, and I only found that out by trying it. Storing and returning is
symmetric: swap two fields in the Flan defstruct and the round trip still
agrees with itself, because C writes and reads the same wrong slots. That test
passes whatever the layout is, which is the kind of test this project would
rather not have at all.
So the headless case uses the two things raylib computes from the fields
without a GPU. GetCollisionRec turns (0,0,10,4) and (6,1,10,10) into
(6,1,4,3), four different numbers each derived from a different pair of
fields, and no permutation of Rectangle survives it. SetShapesTexture keeps a
Texture2D without touching GL and substitutes 1 1 1 1 7 when the id is zero,
so a zero id pins the first field, the 7 pins the last, and a zero width
stored rather than substituted is what stops that pair from passing with id
and width swapped. Each of those was checked by permuting the defstruct and
watching the case fail.
What is left unpinned is width, height and mipmaps against each other; nothing
raylib does without a GL context reads them. That is stated in the program
rather than papered over, because the alternative is a case that looks like it
covers them.
set-shapes-texture, get-shapes-texture, get-shapes-texture-rectangle and
get-collision-rec are real bindings, not test scaffolding — they are bound
here because they are also the only pure consumers of these two structs.
spec-memory.md drops (set (get m k) v) from the assignable forms: a map has an
upsert of its own, put, which either inserts or replaces, so there is no store
into a lookup - and an absent entry has no location to store into anyway.
The compiler still parsed it into an Ast.Pkey and refused it downstream as
unimplemented, milestone 6, which is the wrong reason for something that is
never arriving. The place form is gone from ast, tast, load, check and emit,
and the parser refuses the shape where it is written, with the reason and a
pointer to put.
spec-conditions.md §2. The same lookup as signal, and the difference is
entirely what happens when the walk ends: signal returns Unit and the
signalling function carries on, error has type Never and the program stops.
Only a transfer gets past it, so emit puts a guard after the call and then
unreachable - and flan_error cannot be marked noreturn for the same reason, it
does return, on exactly one path.
Being Never is what lets it stand where a value was expected, which is the
fall-through shape §1's load-texture example needs and the reason it is worth
having before the break loop rather than after. An unhandled one names the
condition on stderr and dies the way every other trap does; flan_error is where
the dev-build break loop will go.
The two spellings share one AST and IR node with a kind beside them, the same
shape Ast.unwrap already uses for some and try, because they differ in one
decision and nothing else. test/programs/error.flan is the unhandled case,
asserted on the exit code and the reason rather than through the outputs table,
which only has room for a program that exits 0.
vendor/agent/flan_agent.c calls flan_dev_result_get, which lives in flan_dev.c,
which build.ml compiled only for a dev build - so flan build sand.flan died at
the link with an undefined symbol. A regression from 7ce1d09, where C-x C-e
gave the agent a result to report.
A package's C sources are collected whatever main does, so the agent's C is in
every build that imports it. flan_dev.c is now compiled into all of them.
Nothing in a release build reaches it: the compiler emits a registry lookup
only for a name the host was not built with, and without cells there is no such
name. The table is BSS, so the cost is address space rather than binary size,
and -rdynamic and the cells are still what --dev means.
test_agent.ml now links the same program both ways. It runs only the dev one -
with no cells the agent refuses every module, so linking is the whole claim.
error, find-restart and compute-restarts are named in spec-conditions.md and had
no case in parse.ml, so each fell through to Call and came back as unknown name
- the very shape the house rule exists to prevent, and the one that makes a
missing feature look like a typo.
Three message strings from the previous commit had their line continuations
collapsed into runs of spaces. Rewrapped; no change to what they say.
The reload path had never seen a restart-case or a handler-bind: the
acceptance table's dev build proves whole-program codegen with cells, but not
Emit.redefinition, where the callees are declares or cell loads and the restart
frame is an alloca in a module the process was not built with. Driving it found
a hole step 1 left - a lifted clause was numbered by its position in the whole
program's lifted list, so the name was neither stable against an unrelated
handler-bind being added nor attributable to the function it came out of, and
redefining a function that established a handler died in llc with an undefined
value.
A clause is now named after its parent - handler/step/0/Missing - and carries
Tast.fn.fparent, which is what lets a redefinition module emit the clauses
belonging to the bodies it is replacing and nothing else. They are hidden for
the same reason a redefined body is: taking the address of an interposable
symbol would resolve to the host's copy, so the module would install the very
handler it was replacing. A clause is reached by address from its parent and
from nowhere else, so it is kept out of the cell and registry machinery
entirely rather than given a slot nobody uses.
test_dev.ml now sends a third evaluation: step redefined to a restart-case
whose frame is an alloca in the new module, whose guarded call goes through the
host's cell, and whose transfer starts in a handler and crosses probe, which
the host was compiled with. The transcript's fourth line is the clause's value.
spec-conditions.md §3 to §6. A handler runs where the signal was, decides, and
control resumes at a restart-case further out - so unlike step 1 this one does
alter control flow, and it is lowered explicitly rather than through platform
unwinding, because wasm32 cannot unwind and because a cmp/jne after a call
reads like ordinary code.
The channel is the out-parameter §6 settled on: one ptr appended to every Flan
signature, written by an invoke-restart and checked after every call. The
return type stays what the source says, one pointer threads down the whole
chain, and a frame that sees the channel set just returns early - which reuses
the existing return path and with it §5's defers for free. Emit.signature was
already the one place a signature is spelled, which is what made that part
small.
Every function is transfer-transparent, release included. §6's escape analysis
is an optimisation; in a dev build a cell can hold anything, so the honest
answer to what a call can reach is anything, and uniform means redefinition
acquires no new refusal class.
The transfer target is the restart frame's own address and not a static clause
id, which corrects what the handoff note had settled. An id has to be unique
against every module a running program may later load, and a hash is only
probably unique - two restart-cases colliding means the inner one silently
catches a transfer aimed at the outer. The frame is an alloca in the function
that offers it, so the address is exact and it also says which clause, which is
how clause ids disappeared. Re-entering a restart-case then needs nothing
extra, since each activation allocates its own frames.
Cleanup is landing blocks, one per region rather than one per function: a
restart-case's pops its frames and either dispatches or forwards, a
handler-bind's pops the handler frames on the way past, and the function's own
runs its defers and returns. One function-wide block would have jumped straight
past the very restart-case that was meant to catch the transfer. The channel is
cleared before any cleanup runs and put back after, or a defer's first call
would branch straight back into the block it came from.
flan_signal takes the channel and passes it to each handler, stopping once one
writes to it. That makes the one C frame every handler is reached through
transparent to a transfer, which it has to be; it is also the only one, since
extern is Flan-to-C only and there are no function values yet.
Refused by name with the reason, each with a test on the reason: restarts with
parameters, return inside a restart-case body, one restart-case offering a name
twice, and invoke-restart inside a defer - a defer is the cleanup a transfer
already runs, so starting one there leaves the defers half run with two targets
and no way to choose. The lexical case is the checker's and the one that
reaches a function through a call is trapped at run time. No restart of that
name is a located runtime error at the invoke site, because there is nowhere to
resume.
Two things found on the way. `{ ctx with in_handler = true }` was a latent bug:
ctx.slots is mutable, so a copy allocated the body's slots into a record the
function never saw again - harmless only because no handler-bind body in the
tests had a let in it. And test/reload_host.c calls flan.outer through an asm
label, which does not fail at link time when the prototype is a parameter
short; it reads garbage as the channel and dies somewhere else.
test/programs/restarts.flan runs at -O2, at -O0 and as a dev build. -O0 is not
redundant: the guard after every call is control flow the optimiser would
otherwise launder, and the dev build is where each of those calls goes through
a cell.
